They also were among the first people to use astronomical observations of the stars to help them navigate across the ocean. He was a renowned mathematician, poet, geographer, astronomer, and music theorist. Notable explorations were undertaken by the Greeks, the Romans, the Polynesians, the Phoenicians, Phytheas, Herodotus, the Vikings, the Portuguese and Muslims. At that time he also wrote Peri agathn kai kakn, a text that was lost. Unfortunately, there are no documents left of his work after the destruction of the Library of Alexandria. Later he joined the Platonists as a pupil of Arcesilao.It was then that Eratosthenes created a work called Platonicus, in which, following Plato's method, he explored mathematical and cosmological issues. Eratosthenes created a whole section devoted to the examination of Homer, and acquired original works of great tragic dramas of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. Eratosthenes (276 BC - 194 BC) was an Ancient Greek scientist and philosopher who did work in astronomy, geometry, geography, mathematics, as well as poetry and history. He could then use simple proportions to find the Earths circumference 7.2 degrees is 1/50 of 360 degrees, so 800 times 50 equals 40,000 kilometers. Ptolemy studied the reflection of light on flat and spherical mirrors as well as its refraction when it crosses the surface between two transparent media, defending the theory that vision is caused by a flow emanating from the eye. He created a longitude and latitude system, as well as a map of the world. PDF 52. Eratosthenes Seamount: an Oceanographic Yardstick Recording the Late The exact length of the units (stadia) he used is doubtful, and the accuracy of his result is therefore uncertain. The nematode They are a group of animal that are characterized by having a cylindrical body, without egmentation. James Rennell has been called the Father of Indian Geography, and for his pioneering work on oceanography as the Father of Oceanography.. Who discovered the geography? a. Eratosthenes of Cyrene developed longitude and latitude. Eratosthenes (276-195 BCE) was an ancient Greek Alexandrian scholar, native of Cyrene, who attained distinction in many fields including philosophy, mathematics, astronomy and history. Systmone Remote Access, This makes Hipparchus the founder of trigonometry. Eratosthenes - Wikipedia History of Oceanography, Number 16 - University of Puget Sound Geography is the study of locations and the relationships between people and their surroundings. 1. III. Was In God We Trust Always In The Constitution? "Zeno and Stoic Consistency," in Phronesis. By this they meant to say that Eratosthenes was second best in all areas, as he never wanted to specialize in any. (Writing before the Greeks adopted the degree, a Babylonian unit of measure, he actually said a fiftieth of a circle.) He correctly assumed the Suns distance to be very great; its rays therefore are practically parallel when they reach Earth. Some people believe that Eratosthenes starved himself to death on purpose after going blind. He created a method known as the Siege of Eratosthenes by which he calculated the prime numbers. One of the main contributions of Eratosthenes to science and astronomy was his important work regarding They helped find new colonies, explored some of North America and were great navigators. PDF List Of World Capitals By Countries Wordpress He had become blind in his old age and could no longer work by 195 BCE. What happened to most of the information accumulated there? The Greeks made tremendous advancements in the fields of geomorphology, climatology and oceanography. A librarian named Hipparchus later placed lines of longitude at regular intervals, and this was improved even more by Ptolemy, who added cardinal directions and divided degrees into minutes and seconds. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 18:23. Each fragment is accompanied by an English translation, a summary, and commentary. Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. Arab and Muslim contribution to geography was not only confined to astronomical and mathematical geography, but rather covered a wide range of the branches of the discipline known at the present time. Eratosthenes' other contributions include: The Sieve of Eratosthenes as a way of finding prime numbers. Posidonius wrote a bookThe Ocean. The role of p ychologi t in relation to mental health and well-being i extremely important today, and it i not urpri ing that many people have the need to go to p ychotherapy e ion or require p ycholo Few mu ician have o marked the future of modern mu ic a Michael Jack on, con idered the King of Pop. (40,000 miles). He wrote on many topics geography, mathematics, philosophy, chronology, literary criticism, grammar, poetry, and even old comedies. These works and his great poetic abilities led the pharaoh Ptolemy III Euergetes to seek to place him as a librarian at the Library of Alexandria in the year 245 BC. In addition to the attempts of Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276c. His writings included a poem inspired by astronomy, as well as works on the theatre and on ethics. PDF Chimica Con Metodo Per Le Scuole Superiori Con E Book Con Espansione Eratosthenes Contribution to Geography Notes By NETSET CORNER The book written by him describes the ekumene (inhabited) world. He has written works on geography, philosophy, history, astronomy, mathematics, and literary criticism. He could then use simple proportions to find the Earths circumference 7.2 degrees is 1/50 of 360 degrees, so 800 times 50 equals 40,000 kilometers. % complete First maps showing water (river charts) 3800 B.C. He conceived the subcontinent of India to be of rhomboidal form and supposed the range of Imaus (Himalayas) which he said extended from west to east, to have made the boundary of India. Arab and Muslim Contribution to Geography To begin with, most Muslim geographers such as Al- Why do you suppose the residents of Alexandria became hostile to the librarians and the many achievements of the library? He made a catalog of 675 stars. Polynesian Seafarers - Dive & Discover Required fields are marked *. Eratosthenes. Eratosthenes made calculations in which he discovered that in a year there were 365 days and every four years there were 366 days. He was nicknamed Beta because he was great at many things and tried to get his hands on every bit of information but never achieved the highest rank in anything; Strabo accounts Eratosthenes as a mathematician among geographers and a geographer among mathematicians. George Syncellus was later able to preserve from Chronographies a list of 38 kings of the Egyptian Thebes. Why is Eratosthenes called the father of geography? He calculated the size of the Earth using geometry and ratios based on sun observations. Moreover, he conceived the peninsula of India Pointing towards the south-west, instead of south. [6] His devotees nicknamed him Pentathlos after the Olympians who were well rounded competitors, for he had proven himself to be knowledgeable in every area of learning. Geography consisted of eight volumes. Eratosthenes was the first person to use the word "geography" and other geographical terms that are still in use today, and his efforts to calculate the circumference of the Earth and the distance from the Earth to the Sun paved the way for our modern understanding of the cosmos. Later, the Greeks speculated on the idea that the earth was round. Eratosthenes contributions to Mathematics are very notable and well known. Everything that pleases the Muses and kings you yourself gave to your son. Eratosthenes (c. 276194 bce), who had prepared a map of the Nile valley southward to the latitude of modern Khartoum, anticipated the correct answer when he reported that heavy rains had been observed to fall in the upper reaches of the river and that these History at your fingertips Oceanography Chapter 1 Oceanography Oceanus would be a better name for Earth, since oceans cover 70% surface (most major cities, resources, etc. He studied in Athens at the Lyceum. He had inclination toward arts as well as music and poetry composition. In the Geography the names of over 400 cities and their locations were shown, which had never been achieved before. Eratosthenes made major contributions to geography. It is used in oceanography in calculating the height of tides in oceans. Eratosthenes' is believed to be the first person to attempt a determination of the size of the Earth through measurement. [6] He developed systems of latitudes and longitudes, [7] He measure accurate length of equator, [8] Circumferences of the earth by Eratosthenes 25000 miles, but actual 24860 miles, PDF Name: Eratosthenes Contribution to Geography Notes by Netset Corner, Chronologically Arranged Schools and Associate Scholars. Christopher Columbus was one of those who studied the work of Eratosthenes. Also with one of his students, Aristn de Chios, of whom he wrote a biography. Eratosthenes's main interest in youth was philosophy and that vocation led him to Athens at the age of 15. [2], Eratosthenes believed there was both good and bad in every nation and criticized Aristotle for arguing that humanity was divided into Greeks and barbarians, as well as for arguing that the Greeks should keep themselves racially pure. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. This is important to marine science because these concepts are used for locations around the globe. Definition. He is also recognized for his mathematical innovation, the Sieve of Eratosthenes, which identified prime numbers, and his position as head of the . Eratosthenes was a Greek scientist who lived from 276 to 194 B.C. More than 400 places appeared in that work, but it was lost, except for the references of historians of the time. The first number following two that is not crossed off will be . The authors' texts have always been recognized for their readability, currency, dynamic art program, delivery of basic principles and instructor flexibility. The word for Earth in Greek is geo, so we call this idea a geocentric theory. It is used naval and aviation industries. "Eratosthenes of Cyrene." He calculated the circumference of the Earth to be about 252,000 stadi which is equal to about 24,662 miles. What is the contribution of Eratosthenes in ancient geography? What makes the scientific discipline of geography different from other science disciplines is its emphasis on space, place, and connection. He studied at Plato's school in Athens. Eratosthenes of Cyrene, an ancient Greek mathematician and astronomer, was the first to use the word Geography (Greek: Geographika). In Athens he met so many philosophers that he was both amazed and overwhelmed. The [] Lived c. 276 BC - c. 194 BC. In this work, which for the first time described the geography of the entire inhabited world as it was then known, Eratosthenes of Kyrene (ca. The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. Eratosthenes - He was a Greek mathematician who had a profound interest in geography. Arab Contributions To Geography And Navigation posted on: Nov 4, 2015 The world's earliest geographical and navigational charts were developed by Canaanites who, probably simultaneously with the Egyptians, discovered the Atlantic Ocean. He studied astronomy, geography, and math. During his time at the Library of Alexandria, Eratosthenes devised a calendar using his predictions about the, He was also very proud of his solution for. He was also of the opinion that the spread of the world from west to east is more than from north to south. [6] He wrote Chronographies, a text that scientifically depicted dates of importance, beginning with the Trojan War. Eratosthenes was born in the Greek colony Cyrene, now the city of Shahhat, Libya. The inscription that Eratosthenes made in the mesolabe that he gave to Ptolemy III, said: "This you have at hand, friend, if you want to get double a small cube, or that transformation into any other solid figure, and also if you measure in this way an enclosure or a silo or the concave cavity of a well when you take the concurrences means between extreme limits within double rules . He also realized that streams eroded continents and deposited sediments into the ocean. Eratosthenes made several important contributions to mathematics and science, and was a friend of Archimedes, the great mathematician. environment that offers balanced, up-to-date coverage of geology, oceanography, astronomy, and meteorology. According to Macrobious, Eratosthenes made the diameter of the Sun to be about 27 times that of the Earth. It is thought that Eratosthenes may also have been a pupil of Callimachus. Aristarchus was one of the first astronomers to calculate the relative sizes of the Sun, the Moon and the Earth. Among the archives that were at the disposal of Eratosthenes, the distance between Siena and Alexandria was stated to be 5000 stadia. Bacon is a piece of salt-cured pork cut from the belly of a pig. Some time ago he had gone blind from cataracts and is believed to have committed suicide by starvation. Geography consisted of eight volumes. Given an estimate of the distance between the two cities, he was able to calculate the circumference of Earth, obtaining 250,000 stadia. Omissions? Contribution of Greek Scholar in Geography Full Notes for UGC NET Biography. Then numbers that are not prime are discarded. He was the inventor of Geography and is responsible for calculating the Earths circumference. What was Eratosthenes greatest achievement? One of Eratosthenes contributions to mathematics was his measurement of the Earth. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. He is best known for being the first person known to calculate the circumference of the Earth, which he did by using the extensive survey results he could access in his role at the Library; his calculation was remarkably accurate. What were Eratosthenes contributions to geography? The children were trained from the age of seven in subjects such as literature, sports and music. The ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes is dubbed the father of geography. He was the first to use the word geography, and he also had a small-scale understanding of the planet that helped him determine the earths circumference. Eratosthenes' Contribution in Mathematics - StudiousGuy Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician with a strong interest in geography. Eratosthenes (born c. 276 BCE, Cyrene, Libya) was a Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet who made the first measurements of Earths size for which any details are known. This method consisted of creating a table with natural numbers between 2 and the desired quantity. eratosthenes contribution to oceanography Read about the life of Eratosthenes. A new play celebrates the 17th-Century Italian artist Artemisia Gentileschi, who defied her rape and torture through masterful paintings. Who can fully deduct traditional IRA contributions? [24], Eratosthenes was described by the Suda Lexicon as a (Pentathlos) which can be translated as "All-Rounder", for he was skilled in a variety of things: He was a true polymath. However, a simplified version of the method has been preserved, as described by Cleomedes.[15]. Humboldt and Kant. [6] Eratosthenes was a man of many perspectives and investigated the art of poetry under Callimachus. 2. He created one of the earliest maps of the known world between 276-195 BC, but his greatest contribution was the concept of latitude and longitude. The Arabs were the great contributors in the field of mathematical, physical and regional geography. Calculated the Earth's circumference: 40,000 km (24,840 mi) More precise, modern measurement: 40,032 km (24,860 mi) Eratosthenes' most famous contribution to science was his calculation of the circumference of the Earth, which he completed while working on the second volume of his "Geography.". Explanation: Eratosthenes was a geographer and mathematician from Ancient Greece who is known for using geometry to determine the circumference of the Earth. (Of the measurements of the Earth). Eratosthenes also did other things that are known today. The Handy Geography Answer Book traces the history of geography from Eratosthenes and Alexander von Humboldt to latitude and longitude, and the latest advances in the Global Positioning System (GPS). Defending the theory that vision is due to a flow emanating from the eye, Ptolemy analyzed the reflection of light on flat and spherical mirrors, and its refraction when it crosses the surface between two transparent media. He created a device called the mesolabe, a kind of abacus for measurements and proportions, which he dedicated to King Ptolemy III. He also measured the degree of obliquity of the ecliptic (in effect, the tilt of Earths axis) and wrote a treatise on the octateris, an eight-year lunar-solar cycle. *Egyptians utilized the Nile River and created a commerce based on ship-based trade (4000 BC). He used parallels and meridians to link together every place in the world. % complete . Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Geography is the study of Earths natural environment and human society, as well as how society and nature interact.