Although the mitigating factors clause was supposed to protect such students, the statistics indicated otherwise. A possible reason for this is that teachers may talk in staff meetings about students whom they perceive as problematic, which may influence future teachers interactions with those students. Canadian researchers have examined the meanness of girls in relation to their popularity (Currie and Kelly 2006; Currie, Kelly, and Pomerantz 2007). What role does school climate play in student socialization? As noted by the authors of these studies, such findings also suggest that zero tolerance policies that result in the suspension of problem students may be doing additional damage as they serve to severely weaken the bond that a child has with his or her school (Sprott, Jenkins, and Doob 2005). There is a certain body of knowledge that it is assumed children must know in order to be productive citizens and function in society. Increasing the homogeneity of ability within a classroom also promotes better classroom management (Barakett and Cleghorn 2008). Therefore, social features of the school can serve to reverse delinquent behaviours. The series of courses a student should take that best matches his or her abilities and aptitudes; also known as tracking. The main thrust of this argument is that teaching staff are disproportionately comprised of females who value certain behaviours (like passivity and obedience, which tend to be found more in girls) and subject matter (like reading, which does not appeal to males as much), and that to improve boys performance, more males must be brought into the profession (Skelton 2002; Titus 2004). Failure to be accepted by peers can be devastating for children, especially when it is manifested in acts of peer victimization and peer rejection. In Alberta, applied English language arts are designated the course abbreviation of ELA 10-2 (Grade 10), 20-2 (Grade 11), and 30-2 (Grade 12). Students develop valuable knowledge and skills that will allow them to make informed decisions as they become independent citizens. Students who are consistently placed in remedial classes may also start to view themselves as slow (Barakett and Cleghorn, 2008). WebExample: A high school graduate chooses a career in Business Management after participating in a small group career seminar led by college business majors. Homeschool Socialization: How to Keep Your Child Connected How a teacher approaches the issue of gender can have a lasting impact on how children understand the perceived socially acceptable roles for males and females. Relationships with teachers are also central in the process of socialization. Wentzel and Looneys (2006) overview of previous research on school climate in the United States has shown that schools that are perceived to be caring communities by their students are associated with lower rates of delinquency and drug use. Other research using the same Canadian data sources has also found that a strong school bond, or commitment to ones school and education, is associated with protecting children from the influence of delinquent peers and reducing early aggression in young students (Sprott, Jenkins, and Doob 2005). Structural and Social Inequalities in Schooling, After reading this chapter, you will be able to. The first of these dimensions is behavioural conformity. Critics argue, however, that further demarcating tasks as masculine and feminine continues to promote very narrow gender roles (Greig 2003). Pomerantz argues that dress codes are not simply neutral school policies; they also impact on the creation of gender, sexuality, and race. The Safe Schools Act changed the policy to one of mandatory suspensions and expulsions and police involvement for particular rule infractions, provided that mitigating factors were taken into account. What has changed, however, is the larger proportion of boys without male parents in the home. Placing students in special education, for example, requires that students be labelled as formally needing specialized assistance in order to succeed with curricular expectations (Hibel, Farkas, and Morgan 2010). The influence of social capital, however, does not always work in a manner than enhances academic achievement and prosocial behaviours. 2000). In 2001, the Ontario Ministry of Education instituted the Safe Schools Act, which was designed to address violence and behavioural problems in schools. Streaming, seen this way, may therefore act to reproduce social inequalities by limiting post-secondary opportunities (Sweet et al. Opponents of streaming note that those from disadvantaged and working-class backgrounds are disproportionately found in the vocational stream (Cheung 2007; Davies and Guppy 2006). Warm and supportive teachers and a positive school climate are crucial for the positive social development of children, and the absence of such can have long-term detrimental effects on students, particularly if they have family problems. As Table 6.1 illustrates, there are many new things for children to get used to in the school setting. Policy in which specific code infractions result in immediate punishment, usually in the form of suspension or expulsion, and sometimes involving the police. Child victims also report having recurring memories of the abuse (Sharp 1995) and being afraid to seek help (Slee 1994; Smith and Myron- Wilson 1998). Currie and Kelly (2006) observed that a common yet particularly severe form of name-calling that resulted in the most reputational damage was being called a slut, which results from perceived inappropriate interactions with or seeking attention from boys. Arai (2000) found in a study of Canadian parents who home schooled their children that most indicated that they objected to specific parts of public education rather than the institution as a whole. Their inability to behave in ways that are socially acceptable can have many causes, such as parenting styles and disciplinary techniques in the home (Putallaz and Heflin 1990). Stanley Cohen (1972) coined the term moral panic to refer to the social phenomenon of mass attention being given to topics that appear to threaten the established social order. Explicit moral instruction occurs in the elementary grades, when children are socialized to aspire to virtues such as kindness, generosity, courage, and hard work. Girls who wear tank tops and are reprimanded are at risk of being deemed immoral or slutty, and boys who violate certain rules aimed at them may be labelled gangsters. Pomerantz argues that implicit in many of the dress code discourses is the message that it is a females moral duty to keep herself covered. Other agents of socialization are family, peers, religion, work, media, internet, and social media. Peer aggression can also take the form of relational aggression, which has been identified as behaviour specific to girls (Artz 1998; Simmons 2002). Subject options are often streamed into applied or academic streams. In an overview of studies (Sussman et al. Peer-rejected children often display social skills that make them undesirable playmates and friends to other children. As discussed in Chapter 2, Millington, Vertinsky, Boyle, and Wilson (2008) studied physical education curriculum in a Vancouver high school. Students who exhibit higher academic aptitude are put with similar students into advanced courses where they will be challenged. The exceptions, of course, are private schools and many Catholic schools, where uniforms are traditional. Within the family, children are socialized into particular ways of thinking about morals, cultural values, and social roles. While the media may tend to overemphasize the home schooling practices of the religious right in Canada and the United States, many parents in Canada choose to home school not for religious reasons, but because they are dissatisfied with the curriculum and/or the social environment of schools. The influence teachers exert over students in their delivery of curriculum has been addressed above and in the previous chapter. If she shows too much of her body, males will become distracted (which is her fault). Schools perform an essential work in the socialization of children by first transmitting the cultures values. This may severely limit their future ability of getting admitted to post-secondary training that leads to higher paying jobs with high status (Krahn and Taylor 2001). Wotherspoon and Schissel (2001) give an account of an alternative education program in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan called the Won Ska Cultural School. The home schooled also tended to attach a great deal more importance to religious beliefs than the comparable population. The expected behaviours at school are much different from within the family, and the structural features of day-to-day life at school are in stark contrast to what was experienced in the family home. As noted by Raby (2005), the language of school codes of conduct suggests that young people are seen to be incomplete, at risk, and in need of guidance, a position that legitimizes school rules and their enforcement (p. 73). The second part discusses gender socialization with a close look and discussion on feminist theory. In other words, boys need to be in places where traditional expressions of masculinities can be fostered and nurtured because the current organization of school does not allow this. This difference may be due to ethnic group membership, disability, physical attractiveness, or being a newcomer to the classroom (Asher et al. Schools become a significant social world for children to navigate. Socialization Students academic abilities are identified early in their academic career through the grades they receive. They had a higher likelihood of participating in risky and illegal behaviour. How do students learn gender at school? Since the 1990s, however, this has reversed, with girls getting the higher scores, particularly in reading. WebSchools and Socialization into Social Class. Unless a child attended preschool or nursery, the structure and routines of the school day and the social relationships within the school setting must be entirely learned. Box 6.2 What Do Academic and Applied Streams Look Like? During socialization, a person learns to become a member of a group, community, or society. This also has the effect of creating resentment and rule breaking among students, especially when they see the rules as pointless and arbitrary. The school, like Won Ska, has a high retention rate. Additionally, this study explores the relationship between students online learning engagement and their online learning performance by taking the Secondary School Geography Curriculum Standards and Textbooks Research, a small-scale private online course (SPOC) of the geography education undergraduate course, as an example. 2010). 2. In conclusion, the agent of socialization refers to the various social institutions, groups, and individuals that shape an individual's social identity and behavior. From an early age until adulthood, school is a place where children spend a large portion of their daysand, indeed, their lives. Proponents of streaming argue that putting students in classes with others who have similar abilities creates a better learning environment. Resistance by youth to the socialization forces of the school and its inherent power relationships can be expressed in a variety of ways. Schools with the most severe discipline problems usually have the worst social climates as well. (Ontario Ministry of Education 2004) and Me Read? WebHowever, there are some ways in which school can be considered primary socialization. (2007) found that across numerous studies from the English-speaking world, peer groups generally fell into five very broad categories: elites, athletes, deviants, academics, and others. This bottom-up approach to decision making has proven to be a very effective one for students who, for various reasons, were not successful in the mainstream system. The school is described as demo-cratic, as students have an active voice in their educational development. An analysis of the relationship between character and citizenship education revealed that the overarching message was to promote assimilation into Canadian society (Winton 2007).4. They rejected the image presented by the preppy and popular girls, who, according to the skater girls, spent their leisure time shopping for fashionable, sexy clothing; applying makeup; flirting with boys; and talking about fashion and popular music (p. 145). According to Cohen (1972), individuals (or groups of individuals), events, or conditions are perceived as jeopardizing wider societal values and interests. Humans are innately social and thrive in communication, comradery and competition with others. Socialization Research Paper