Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. He was depicted as the military leader of the crusade, a legislator who established the assizes of Jerusalem, and in the early 14th century was selected as one of the Nine Worthies, a pantheon of famous warriors thought to epitomise chivalric ideals. In 1096, Godfrey joined the First Crusade with Eustace and his younger brother, Baldwin. He died in July 1100 and was succeeded by his brother Baldwin as king of Jerusalem. For them, Alexius I and his Turks were only a sideshow. Just as the Crusaders were about to storm the city, they suddenly noticed the Byzantine flag flying from atop the city walls. Aafje Jans Punt was born about 1737 in Lagedijk, Schagen, Noord-Holland, Nederland. The assizes were the result of a gradual development. L. Brhier, "Godfrey of Bouillon" in, Natasha Hodgson 'Lions, Tigers and Bears: encounters with wild animals and bestial imagery in the context of crusading to the Latin East', "Genealogie de Godefroi de Buillon de Pierre Desrey", "The Army of Godfrey of Bouillon, 10961099: Structure and Dynamics of a Contingent on the First Crusade" (PDF), Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godfrey_of_Bouillon&oldid=1142261833. Dagobert was subsequently forced to crown Baldwin as the first Latin king of Jerusalem on December 25, 1100. This book offers a new appraisal of the ancestry and career of Godfrey of Bouillon (c.1060-1100), a leading participant in the First Crusade (1096-99), and the first ruler of Latin Jerusalem (1099-1100), the polity established by the crusaders after they captured the Holy City. I am a descendant of his, so this makes a difference in my ancestry. Raymond of Saint-Gilles, also known as Raymond of Toulouse, created the largest army. [6] As second son, he had fewer opportunities than his older brother. The Death of Godfrey of Bouillon - Nobility and Analogous Traditional Era el primer o segundo hijo de Eustaquio II, conde de Boulogne, y de Ida de Boulogne, hija de Godofredo III, duque de la Baja Lorena. Murray also adduces chronological and geographical considerations that make it improbable that Godfrey could have married an English heiress and had a son prior to becoming Duke of Lower Lotharingia and joining the First Crusade -- the chronology and geography just don't line up as they should if Godfrey and Geoffrey were one and the same. Dagobert was subsequently forced to crown Baldwin as the first Latin king of Jerusalem on 25 December 1100. He was survived by his second wife, was living in 1130, when his son, Faramus, was accounting for her lands. Godfrey of Bouillon: Leader in the First Crusades and - Ancient Origins Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Godfrey of Bouillon was a medieval Frankish nobleman best known for his role as one of the main leaders during the First Crusade. [9], Following advice provided by Pope Urban, most of these armies set out in mid-summer and headed for Constantinople where they could expect assistance from Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. As second son, he had fewer opportunities than his older brother and seemed destined to become just one more minor knight in service to a rich landed nobleman. However, Round accepted the testimony of his linguistically naive friend against that of Liebermann and therefore invented a non-existent bastard son, Geoffrey, of Eustace of Boulogne. Updates? Godfrey of Bouillon: Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Ruler of Latin Este ducado estaba muy influido por la reforma cluniacense, y al parecer, Godofredo era una persona muy religiosa, de este modo y aunque haba luchado a favor del Emperador contra el papado, Godofredo literalmente vendi todo lo que tena y se uni a la Cruzada que predic Urbano II en el Concilio de Clermont. Godfrey of Bouillon, First Crusader. Godfrey of Bouillon, First Crusader - ThoughtCo . Godfrey was elected the first King of Jerusalem on 22 July 1099. De naam "Godevaert van Bullioen, koning van Jeruzalem" staat onderaan op zijn ruiterstandbeeld op het Koningsplein te Brussel, vlak bij het koninklijk paleis en de koninklijke kerk van SInt-Jacob-op-den-Koudenberg. When Alexios demanded an oath of loyalty, Godfrey and most of the Crusaders agreed a modified version in which they promised to restore some lands to the Emperor, Raymond of Toulouse being a notable exception. The electoral council chose him as ruler of Jerusalem 22 Jul 1099, and after considerable debate about the correct title to adopt, he became GODEFROI princeps of Jerusalem. As they travelled south into Palestine, the Crusaders faced a new enemy. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Just one grandparent can lead you to many In The Divine Comedy Dante sees the spirit of Godfrey in the Heaven of Mars with the other "warriors of the faith.". Godfrey and some of his knights were the first to get over the walls and enter the city. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Godfrey of Bouillon - New Advent This duchy was an important one at the time, serving as a buffer between the kingdom of France and the German lands. He also faced opposition from Dagobert of Pisa, the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, who was allied with Tancred. French nobleman and pre-eminent leader of the First Crusade, Born on 1058 Corrections? Baldwin I of Jerusalem, Godfrey's younger brother, became the first titled king when he succeeded Godfrey in 1100. Eustace II was one of the companions of William the Conqueror at the battle of Hastings. The Ancestry and Early Life of Godfrey of Bouillon Davis (1913) who drew attention to the fact that Godfrey' of Jerusalem married Beatrice, daughter of Geoffrey de mandeville and aunt of the first Earl of Essex. The crusaders' control over Jerusalem was strengthened by their defeat of the Fatimid army from Egypt in the plain of al-Majdal 11 Aug 1099[373]. [3][4] Second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, Godfrey became Lord of Bouillon in 1076 and in 1087 Emperor Henry IV confirmed him as Duke of Lower Lorraine, a reward for his support during the Great Saxon Revolt. By the spring of 1097 the Crusaders were ready to march into battle. [22] However, he preferred Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre to that of king, allegedly refusing to "wear a crown of gold where his Saviour had worn a crown of thorns. He was strong beyond compare, with solidly-built limbs and a stalwart chest. Godfrey was the eldest of them by birth and the . Shortly thereafter, Godfrey and his fellow crusaders beat back a force of encroaching Egyptians. On July 22, a council was held in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Although the Latins came close to capturing Ascalon, Godfrey's attempts to prevent Raymond of St. Gilles from securing the city for himself meant that the town remained in Muslim hands, destined to be a thorn in the new kingdom's side for years to come. After the successful siege of Jerusalem in 1099, Godfrey became the first ruler . Whatever Dagobert's schemes, they were destined to come to naught. Godfrey of Bouillon | YourDictionary However, it was not until the First Crusade that he really made a name for himself. This mattered because the two sides had different goals; Alexius simply wanted help in retaking Byzantine lands lost to the Seljuk Turks, while the Crusaders sought to "liberate" the Holy Land from "infidels" [a] and establish themselves as rulers. However, his impressive victory in 1099 and his subsequent campaigning in 1100 meant that he was able to force Acre, Ascalon, Arsuf, Jaffa, and Caesarea to become tributaries. Godfrey of Bouillon, French Godefroi de Bouillon, (born c. 1060died July 18, 1100, kingdom of Jerusalem [now Jerusalem, Israel]), duke of Lower Lorraine (as Godfrey IV; 1089-1100) and a leader of the First Crusade, who became the first Latin ruler in Palestine after the capture of Jerusalem from the Muslims in July 1099. That resentment probably grew stronger when Alexius surprised the Crusaders by taking possession of Nicea after they had besieged it, robbing them of the opportunity to plunder the city for spoil. GODEFROI de Boulogne ([1060]-in Palestine 18 Jul 1100, bur Jerusalem, Church of the Holy Sepulchre). No longer were the Seljuk Turks the rulers of these lands. Note: Leo van de Pas, in a posting to SGM, 14 Nov 1998, states that Godefroy de Boulogne, Lord of Carshalton & husband of Beatrix de Mandeville, according to ES III/4, page 621, is an illegitimate son of Estache II de Boulogne. Worse, the Byzantine emperor expected the Crusaders to take an oath of loyalty to him. Although the majority of the Crusader leaders accepted Alexios' right to do so, it was an illustration of the level of mutual suspicion between the two sides. Dagobert may well have visualised turning Jerusalem into a fiefdom of the pope, however his full intentions are not clear. He was married before 1086 to Beatrice de Mandeville, they had 2 children. The Fatimids had taken Jerusalem in August 1098. Godfrey either sold or mortgaged most of his estates to the bishops of Lige and Verdun and used the money to recruit an army of Crusaders. Godfrey of Bouillon led a troop of Lotharingian knights. Geoffrey [illegitimate] de Boulogne (de Bouillon - Genealogy Online The statue was made by Eugne Simonis, and inaugurated on August 24, 1848. The title of Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri, or Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre, has been ascribed to Godfrey of Bouillon in his role as the first Latin ruler of Jerusalem. Godfrey, of Bouillon, approximately 1060-1100 -- Romances, Swan knight (Legendary character) -- Romances Publisher Barcelona : Castalia Ediciones Collection inlibrary; printdisabled; internetarchivebooks Digitizing sponsor Kahle/Austin Foundation Contributor Internet Archive Language Spanish; Romance Godfrey of Bouillon: Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Ruler of Latin About. Despite Warner's death 22 Jul 1100, this show of defiance continued into the Autumn when Robert Bishop of Lydda retrieved Baudouin from Edessa to secure his succession. THANK YOU for proving otherwise. Half brother of Guillaume de Boulogne, btard fils de Eustace II; Hugues, fils btard dEustache II and Geoffroi de Boulogne, btard, seignuer de Carshalton, Cambridgeshire, Coton-Manor. They had one son, William. Godfroy de Boulogne, (King) Protector of Jerusalem (ca.1330), Regesta Regum Anglo Normannorum, 10661154, Disputed identity: Godfrey (Boulogne) FitzEustace and Geoffrey de Boulogne, https://groups.google.com/g/soc.genealogy.medieval/c/OK0pZzIvTyg/m/lo-iMZB6FBEJ, Medieval Project, France, needs biography, Godfrey (Boulogne) FitzEustace is managed by the, Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Families of the Pacific Northwest, by Jim Weber, rootsweb.com. Godfrey de Bouillon, Jerusalem's Commando-King | Catholic Answers Godfrey's nephew, Baldwin of Boulogne, was the first king of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. Godfrey now lacked support and guidance in governing the city, and the arrival of papal legate Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, complicated matters. Though Godfrey clearly had not planned to settle in the Holy Land, he balked at this. New York: Robert Appleton Company. The name is, instead, the equivalent of the name which normally appears in contemporary French or Anglo-Norman documents in such forms as "Goisfrid' and "Gauzfrid', the prototypes of modern "Geoffrey'. Some speculate that he is Godfrey of Bouillon, but he was most likely the his half brother. Along with his brothers Eustace III and Baldwin of Boulogne, Godfrey joined the First Crusade in 1096. J. Horace Round (1895, p.256 [no citation given]), citing Domesday references to property held by Goisfrid, son of Count Eustace in right of his wife, daughter of Geoffrey de Mandeville, says that 'Dr. In 1095 Pope Urban II called for military action in order to liberate Jerusalem and aid the Byzantine Empire, which in the years since 1071 had lost large swathes of territory to the Seljuk Empire. Lire Nombres 1.26 (version Segond 21) sur TopBible - TopChretien With this money he gathered thousands of knights to fight in the Holy Land. Geoffrey [illegitimate] de Boulogne was born about 1060 in Baisy-Thy, Brabant, Belgium, son of Eustace II de Boulogne and Nn Nn. At age fifty-five Raymond was also the oldest and perhaps the best known of the Crusader nobles. 63 ratings rating ratings . Liebermann asks whether Geoffrey's daughter was not thus 'the first wife, else unknown, of the future King of jerusalem'.' To procure resources he sold or pledged many of his estates. Wanting to minimise damage to what was an important Byzantine city and suspecting the Crusaders would demand a heavy ransom for handing it over, Alexios had made a separate peace with the Turkish garrison. Being at Haifa at the time of Godfrey's death, he could do nothing to stop Godfrey's supporters, led by Warner of Grez, from seizing Jerusalem and demanding that Godfrey's brother Baldwin should succeed to the rule. Now the Christian army had to deal with armies of North African Muslims called Fatimids, who had adopted the name of the ruling family in Cairo, Egypt. She authored the forward for "The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Crusades.". Bouillon (Municipality, Province of Luxembourg, Belgium) - CRW Flags godfrey of bouillon descendants boone county wv obituaries Godfried (Boulogne) FitzEustace (abt.1050-1101) - WikiTree Despite Godefroi's depleted military resources following the departure of most of the surviving crusaders, plans to expand his territory were in full swing with the siege of Acre when Godefroi died. While the holdings of Geoffrey de Mandeville were not nearly as great as those of Eustace of Boulogne, he was a very substantial landholder in 11 counties and his daughter a suitable match for "Godfrey" who had already inherited a great deal from his maternal uncle. Then Kay Allen, AG, responded to Leo by copying the extensive note printed in Ancestral Roots following the above entry, stating that AR had considered Leo/Wagner's argument and refuted it. In accordance with the legal provisions, you can ask for the removal of your name and the name of your minor children. Godfrey of Bouillon | French noble | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica Eustache II, married (1st) before 1049 Goda Of England, widow of Dreux, (died 1035), and daughter of Aethelred II, King of England, by Emma, daughter of Richard I, Duke of Normandy. Godfreys parents were Count Eustace II of Boulogne and Ida, daughter of Duke Godfrey II of Lower Lorraine. Godfrey of Bouillon - Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core He was the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1100. During Godfrey's lifetime this region was part of the Holy Roman Empire. Chateau fort de Bouillon - All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go - Tripadvisor When the Holy City had, by the superabundant grace of the Lord, been restored and affairs had returned to a more or less tranquil state, the army spent seven days rejoicing greatly, With spiritual gladness and fear of the Lord. Godfrey de Bouillon Bogart and Rosemont | Rosamond Press He was the second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida of Lorraine (daughter of Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine and his wife, Doda). Login to find your connection. He was strong beyond compare, with solidly-built limbs and a stalwart chest. "Godfrey of Bouillon". Godfrey continued to play a minor but important role in the battles against the Muslims until the Crusaders finally reached Jerusalem in 1099. He witnessed a charter of his uncle, Eustache III, Count of Boulogne, in 1106. Godfrey also plays key roles in the following novels: Godfrey's sword is given satirical mention in, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 12:07. Princeps Godfrey d'Bouillon d'Lotharingia - Find a Grave Godefroy de Bouillon - Wikipedia They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Godfrey of Bouillon, French Godefroi de Bouillon, (born c. 1060died July 18, 1100, kingdom of Jerusalem [now Jerusalem, Israel]), duke of Lower Lorraine (as Godfrey IV; 10891100) and a leader of the First Crusade, who became the first Latin ruler in Palestine after the capture of Jerusalem from the Muslims in July 1099. How to pronounce bouillon | HowToPronounce.com Thank you. In 1012 he became the first of several members of his family to become duke of Lower Lorraine (also known as Lower Lotharingia) which roughly corresponded to modern Belgium and the Netherlands.This position had been vacant for seven years since the death of Duke Otto, son of the previous . First ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1100, he avoided the title of king, preferring that of prince (princeps) and Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri, or Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre. I would add that if Geoffrey were a son of the English princess Godgifu, the identity and rank of his *English* mother would have been especially attractive to the Norman family of Mandeville which had acquired vast land holdings in England. The Siege of Jerusalem During the First Crusade, Deus lo volt or deus vult? The child left by "Godfrey" in England was William de Boulogne, bearer of one of the oldest English surnames, for William was neither Count of Boulogne nor from Boulogne. William appears as a witness to a document of 1106 and in a couple of later documents. Godfrey de Bouillon [the legitimate son who was Advocate of the Holy Sepulcher], died in Jersaluem and was never married, which is why his brother Baldwin succeeded him in Jerusalem. Godfrey of Bouillon was a Frank born in about the year 1060. Godfrey Of Bouillon Becomes "Defender Of The Holy Sepulcher . Source: Douglas Richardson. Godfrey fought alongside Henry and his forces against Rudolf of Swabia and in Italy when Henry captured Rome itself away from the Pope. Godfrey of Bouillon was born in about 1060 C.E. On his death he was succeeded by his brother Baldwin I. Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine and first King of Jerusalem, son of Eustache II, Count of Boulogne, and of Ida, daughter of Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lower Lorraine; b. probably at Boulognesur-Mer, 1060; d. at Jerusalem, July 18, 1100 (according to a thirteenth-century chronicler, he was born at Baisy, in Brabant; see Haignere, In their progress through the Holy Land, some of the Crusaders took a detour to find allies and supplies, and they ended up establishing a settlement in Edessa. Godfrey of Bouillon was also known as Godefroi de Bouillon, and he was best known for leading an army in the First Crusade, and becoming the first European ruler in the Holy Land. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Following is the lengthy note in Ancestral Roots, attached to line 158a-23, which Kay Allen had nicely transcribed, which I have extended (Kay had not copied the whole note) and edited: Note [copied from Ancestral Roots]: Although the Lotharingian name, Godofred, borne by the famous leader of the First Crusade, has been transcribed into English as 'Godfrey', this is etymologically incorrect. During the winter, the crusading army came close to starvation and many returned to Europe, while Alexios assumed all was lost at Antioch and failed to provide them with supplies as promised. Unlike the limited numbers he had anticipated, by May 1097 Alexios found himself with over 4,000 to 8,000 mounted knights and 25,000 to 55,000 infantry camped on his doorstep. Meanwhile, the struggle with Dagobert continued; although the terms of the conflict are difficult to trace. The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, 1984. Children of William of Boulogne, by _____: It should be kept in mind that David Kelley's arguments in support of the conjecture that Godfrey, Defender of the Holy Sepulchre, was the same as the Geoffrey de Boulogne who married Beatrice de Mandeville do not at all "prove" that Godfrey and Geoffrey are identical. Wrong username or password. But Godfrey and Alexius I had different goals. The Life And Death of Godfrey of Bouillon - YouTube The Arab chronicler Ibn al-Qalanisi reported that "In this year [1099], Godfrey, lord of Jerusalem, appeared before the fortified port of 'Akk [Acre] and made an assault upon it, but was struck by an arrow, which killed him". Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He died in Jerusalem after suffering from a prolonged illness. Godfrey took out loans on most of his lands, or sold them, to the bishop of Lige and the bishop of Verdun. However, in an article published a year later, on Faramus, grandson of "Goisfrid', Round makes no mention of this identification. A major test of Godfrey's leadership skills was shown in his battles to defend his inheritance against a significant array of enemies. Christian chronicles make no mention of this; instead, Albert of Aix and Ekkehard of Aura report that Godfrey contracted an illness in Caesarea in June, 1100. Following these long struggles and proving that he was a loyal subject to Henry IV, Godfrey finally won back his duchy of Lower Lorraine in 1087. The concept is completely foreign to the period, save, perhaps, among the Welsh and would, in any case, hardly apply to a marriage of 'Godfrey/Geoffrey' with Beatrice de Mandeville, of a family whose status was fully comparable to his own. [6] In Catholic Encyclopedia. While Godfrey, Robert of Normandy, and Robert of Flanders covered the walls of the north as far south as the Tower of David, Raymond took responsibility for attacking from the tower to Mount Zion. Godfrey of Bouillon (c. 1060 - 18 July 1100) was a medieval Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. wikipedia.en/Peter_the_Hermit.md at main chinapedia/wikipedia.en Instead, Godfrey himself seems to have used the more ambiguous term Princeps, or simply retained his title of dux from back home in Lower Lorraine. Birth of Godefroy IV de Bouillon / Duc de Basse - Lo Death of Godefroy IV de Bouillon / Duc de Basse - Lo Godefroy IV de Bouillon / Duc de Basse - Lotharinge Burial of Godefroy IV de Bouillon / Duc de Basse - L "Duc de Basse-Lotharingie", "Rei de Jerusalem", Christian Quarter, Old City (Jerusalem), Kingdom of Jrusalem, Lord of Lorraine, Duque de la Baja Lorena - Defensor del Santo Sepulcro, Comte, de Verdun, Duc, de Lotharingie, de Basse-Lotharingie, Roi, de Jrusalem, Lord, de Carshalton, SENHOR FEUDAL. Godfrey endowed the hospital in the Muristan after the First Crusade. But he raised considerable funds and a formidable army, and he would become one of the most important leaders of the First Crusade. Meanwhile, the struggle with Dagobert continued, although the terms of the conflict are difficult to trace. [4] Some of the original chroniclers used the more ambiguous term princeps, or his previous rank of duke. Godfrey supported Henry even during his struggle with Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy. Thank you, thank you, THANK YOU for settling once and for all that the "Geoffrey de Boulogne" - supposed illegitimate son of Eustace II - is a myth and that William de Boulogne's father was GODFREY OF BOUILLON (or, should I say, GEOFFREY OF BOUILLON). Alexius I, hearing of the desperate situation, thought that all was lost at Antioch and did not come to help the Crusaders as promised. In 1098 Godfrey took part in the capture of Antioch, which fell in June of that year after long and bitter fighting. Community Video : Free Community : Free Download, Borrow and Streaming The First Crusade: 5 Key Figures You Need To Know About - TheCollector Geoffrey Of Boulogne was living in 1086. Godfrey of BOUILLON Use bouillon in a sentence | The best 58 bouillon sentence examples In any event, he died in Jerusalem after suffering from a prolonged illness. Godfrey of Bouillon - History's Greatest Knight - documentary Real Crusades History 248K subscribers Subscribe 43K views 2 years ago The Crusades in the Late 11th Century Godfrey of Bouillon: a. "The Election and Title of Godfrey de . Godfrey also took part in the Siege of Antioch, which began in October 1097 and did not surrender until June 1098 after long and bitter fighting. Godfrey History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms - HouseOfNames [23] Both the meaning and usage of his title is disputed. At the head of the great captains who commanded in this crusade, history, as well as poetry, must place Godfrey de Bouillon, duke of the Lower Lorraine. The Dukes of Lorraine proudly claim to be descendants of Godfrey of Bouillon, who was Duke of Lower-Lorraine (Lothier) from 1089 to 1095. When the army finally disembarked in the holy land As Murray says: "If, as is likely, the marriage of Eustace II and Godgifu was one of those condemned at Rheims and presumably dissolved thereafter, it is possible that Geoffrey was the product of this union; branded as illegitimate, he was unable to succeed to Boulogne but he may well have retained sufficient status -- more so than a son of a casual union -- to have been an attractive marriage partner for the Mandevilles.". [5] He was probably born in Boulogne-sur-Mer, although one 13th-century chronicler cites Baisy, a town in what is now Walloon Brabant, Belgium. Username and password are case sensitive. Although he was named heir to the duchy of Lower Lorraine by his uncle in 1076, the Holy Roman emperor Henry IV kept the duchy for his son and left Godfrey with the lordship of Bouillon, in the Ardennes region of France. Su to Godofredo el Jorobado lo eligi como heredero de la Baja Lorena, pero en 1076 el Emperador Enrique IV slo le concedi la Marca de Amberes, quedndose para s mismo el feudo de la Baja Lorena (entonces denominada Baja Lotaringia), ya que su to no tena descendientes directos, es decir un heredero directo masculino. Because of his age and fame, Raymond expected to be the leader of the entire First Crusade. Much of the evidence for this comes from William of Tyre, whose account of these events is troublesome - It is only William who tells us that Dagobert forced Godfrey to concede Jerusalem and Jaffa, while other writers such as Albert of Aachen and Ralph of Caen suggest that both Dagobert and his ally Tancred had sworn an oath to Godfrey to accept only one of his brothers or blood relations as his successor. Once the city was returned to Christian rule, some form of government had to be set up.