Edzard, Jasubigallja, in RlA V, 1976-80, p. 271a. Many endure rather than enjoy reading these two chapters. Ancient Jerusalem - Interactive Study of Jerusalem with Map. Important sources for reconstructing the Kassite Dynasty are kudurrus. During the 16th century BCE. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 263 f. with lit.). Early on, refurbishments were conducted of the various religious and administrative buildings, the first of these datable to Kurigalzu I. MacGinnis, J. [38], The annals of the Assyrian king Sennacherib detail that on his second, eastern, campaign of 702 BC he campaigned against the land of the Kassites, that being along the along the Diyala River between the Jebel Hamrin and the Darband-i-Khan. Top level: Mesopotamian Gods in symbolic form, second level: animals and deities playing musical instruments (detail), "Unfinished" Kudurru, Kassite period, attributed to the reign of Melishipak, 1186-1172 B.C.E., found in Susa, where it had been taken as war booty in the 12th century B.C.E. Fourteen letters were exchanged between the pharaohs and two successive Kassite kings, Kadaman-Enlil I (1369-55 BCE) and Burnaburia II (1354-28 BCE). 42-122, 2022, Buchanan, Briggs. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. These are caretakers of the people and the closest they have to political leaders. [47] What is known is that their language was not related to either the Indo-European language group, nor to Semitic or other Afro-Asiatic languages, and is most likely to have been a language isolate, although some linguists have proposed a link to the Hurro-Urartian languages of the Armenian highlands and Northern Mesopotamia. The king at the time of Joshuas invasion was Adoni-zedek (Joshua 10:1-3), which would have had to come after Abdi-Heba since Joshua overtook southern and northern Palestine (Joshua 10-11). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [54] A Kassite text found at Dur-Kurigalzu mentions glass given to artisans for palace decoration and similar glass was found there. The Kassites were members of a small military aristocracy but were efficient rulers and locally popular, and their 500-year reign laid an essential groundwork for the development of subsequent Babylonian culture. Ahmose ruled in the 6th century BCE. 165-74. The horse, the sacred animal of the Kassites, probably first came into use in Babylonia at this time. The Bible makes many references to a people known as the "Cushites," implying they are the descendents of Noah's grandson Cush, who inhabited the "Land of Cush" in Old Testament times. Their capital city was Dur-Kurigalzu. Idem, Zur Organisation des gesellschaftlichen Lebens im kassitischen und nachkassitischen Babylonien: Verwaltungsstruktur und Gemeinschaften, in H. Hirsch and H. Hunger, eds., Vortrge gehalten auf der 28 Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale in Wien, 6.-10 Juli 1981, Archiv fr Orientforschung Beiheft 19, Vienna, 1982, pp. 1-44, van Koppen, Frans. and accepts with reservations V. G. Gurzadyans eclipse identifications (1458 and 1451 BCE). 1360 to 1220 BCE. Idem, Kassiten, RlA 5, 1976-1980, pp. 471-589. 112 f.). During the time of the Canaanite conquest the most profound source of extra-biblical evidence is from a cache of letters called the Amarna letters. Babylonian Pottery in the Kassite Period". Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Before entering Mesopotamia they were illiterate mountain people speaking a language that is not known today. This was followed by Dynasty II of Isin (1169-1039 b.c. 535-545, Taha Baqir, "Iraq Government Excavations at 'Aqar Qf. Updates? 1, 2006, pp. Jesus is the culmination of His ancestors' expectation of the fulfillment of the Edenic Promise. 144 ff.). Ancient Orient Museum, Duck-shaped weight mentioning the name of the priest Mashallim-Marduk, Kassite, from Babylon. Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Kassite Peri Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Middle Babylonian Period [1000 - 625 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible. In addition to their original members and dependents, both sectors absorbed prisoners of war, fugitive foreigners. If we reference this ancient trade route map it will show us where the Kassites (Semitic people, Akkad, pdf; Akkadian, pdf) once lived, in the mountains east of Mesopotamia. A. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the Kassites like never before. Krishna was at once a Kurus, an Abhira, and a Yadava. 247 ff., 258 f.). Ramose was her father. This is when they are shown on the Biblical Timeline with world history. It has also been suggested that the first element in Kudur-Enlil's name is derived from Elamite but that is disputed.[49][50]. Why Did Christ Ride a Donkey on His Triumphant Entry? The Kassites (/ksats/) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1531 BC and until c. 1155 BC (short chronology). Babylonia and the Bible, Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception, Vol 3. Web. A 300-year Middle Eastern Dark lasted from 1157 to 883 B.C. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. K. De Graef, Les trangers dans les textes palobabyloniens tardifs de Sippar (Abi-eu-Samsuditana): 1ire partie: Sur les inconnus connus: Cassites, Elamites, Sutens, Suens, Gutens et Subarens, Akkadica 111, 1998, pp. The interest of the boundary stones for modern scholars is not only economic and religious but also artistic. On the Seal Impressions on Some Old Babylonian Tablets Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Vol. Kassites - Crystalinks . Mesopotamian History and Literature that falls in the category of mythical will not be covered even though there is a large amount of biblical and Akkadian literature that refers to the same events, such as creation and flood events. ; Pientka, 1998, pp. 106, no. Since the word Hebrew is a poor transliteration of the word Ivri (pronounced ihv`ree) it is a stretch to say that the word Apiru or Habiru is from the same source. Press, 1997, Kjaerum, F. SEALS OF DILMUN-TYPE FROM FAILAKA, KUWAIT. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, vol. Elam is recorded in history at the time of Sagron of Akkad around 2300 BC where it is listed on the Bible Timeline. When did the kassite exist? - Sempoa.jodymaroni.com [20] Other important centers during the Kassite period were Larsa, Sippar and Susa. Required fields are marked *. 55 f., 231, 325 ff., 336 ff.). 1465 BCE (Brinkman, 1972, p. 274; Edens 1994, p. 210). 91-113. The eunuch was not from the land today known as Ethiopia, which corresponds to the ancient Kingdom of Aksum, which conquered Kush in the fourth century. The dependents employed in these sectors received rations, the quantities of which were determined according to the recipients rank in the hierarchy. 19-38. "16. [28][29] A typical treaties include the EgyptianHittite peace treaty (c.1259 BC) and the treaty between the Kassite ruler Karaindash and the Assyrian ruler Ashur-bel-nisheshu (c. 1410 BC). The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Ruled the Babylonian Empire after Hammurabi and the First Babylonian Dynasty eBook : Charles River Editors: Amazon.co.uk: Kindle Store 4 (Dec., 1991), pp. 2 And in the eleventh year of Zedekiah, in the fourth month, the ninth day of the month, the city was broken up. Zamua, which was originally Lullubian (see LULUBI), had only one pertinent toponym, namely,Ban-ba-la, which may be the Kassite form of Babylon. If one judges by the onomasticon, the individuals bearing Kassite names were 7.72-5.31 percent of the general sample from Greater Media, i.e., the second group after the Iranians, whose percentage was 45.37-32.36 percent (see Zadok, 2002, pp. Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that this may be just an accident of documentation. Aktuelle Forschungsprobleme in der vorderasiatischen Archologie, Hildesheim, 1995, pp. In tablet #149, Abi-Milku praises Pharaoh and compares him to Sun god. of Balkan, Kassitenstudien, JNES 15, 1956, pp. Abraham, K. (2013). [24] They were reported in Babylonia by the 18th century BC, especially around the area of Sippar. Just Genesis : Who Were the Horite Hebrew? - Blogger There are fewer female functionaries and professionals. Unlike conquerors who preceded them, the Kassites do not seem to have been considered a foreign and intrusive element by the Babylonians in the post-Kassite period and later. "17. The Karun river runs a course of over 500 miles. Abraham was born in 1912bce, or 1948 from Adam, when Noah was 58 years old His son Shem was Malchitzedek, and Shems daughter was Tamar who became the mother Judahs twin sons (Peretz and Zarach). (paternal name) seem to be the only ones which resemble names with relevance to Kassites (cf. Zeitschrift Fr Assyriologie & Vorderasiatische Archologie, 103(2), 183195. Kassite deities - Wikipedia However, P. Huber (1999-2000) rejects the astronomical evidence adduced by Gurzadyan (in Gasche et al., 1998, pp. It is possible that the Habiru in the Amarna Letters are a mix of Hebrews from Egypt and also local rebels from the previous Hebrew peoples, like Abraham was. . Thus Rameses means to come from Ra and Mosa would be incomplete, and as it says in Exodus he was drawn from the water. Iran 11.1 (1973): 1-27, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosII." 17385, Schneider, Bernhard. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. 421 f.). Where Was The Land Of Nod? | World Events and the Bible Several individuals with Kassite names are recorded in the prism of Tunip-Teup from Tikunani (ca. 39:1-45:5 - the most detailed account in the Old Testament of Babylon conquest of Jerusalem and its aftermath. ; De Smet, 1990; De Graef, 1998, pp. [42][43] Another Kassite king, Hamar-galu, is known from five inscriptions from the Nippur area. Chen, Fei (2020). J. van Dijk, Die dynastischen Heiraten zwischen Kassiten und Elamern: eine verhngnisvolle Politik, Orientalia, N.S. What does the Bible say about the Kassites? - Study.com [35][36], The Elamites of the Shutrukid dynasty conquered Babylonia, carrying away the Statue of Marduk, in the 12th century BC, thus ending the Kassite state. and debt slaves, thereby containing internal inequalities of wealth and legal status (slave-free continuum: see Brinkman, 1982). As for the meaning of Ahmose, I am no Egyptologist but I am fairly certain that his name means born of Iah (the moond god). They are recorded as weavers and other textile workers, but are underrepresented in most of the other handicrafts (Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. xv). By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. [39][40][41], The Babylonian and Assyrian king lists mention eight or nine early Kassite rulers whose names are not fully known and who precede the following kings. 479-491, Potts, D. T. Elamites and Kassites in the Persian Gulf. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. BIBLE BATTLES - Military History - Strategy and Tactics - Ancient Sassmannshausen, 1999, p. 413, n. 22). In most of the pertinent filiations the father has a Kassite, and the son a Babylonian, name. "10. Some prebendaries in Babylonian temple cities bore Kassite ancestors names as late as the Achaemenid period (see Zadok, 2003, p. 482, with n. 6). "People Praying on Stone: Identity in Kassite Babylonian Seals, ca. Genesis 2:14 gives the location of the Garden of Eden. Ashkelon has been overcome; The Kassites kings pursued a policy of dynastic marriages with rulers of the other contemporary Near Eastern powers, namely, Elam (from the reign of Burnaburia II onwards until that of Meli-hu; see van Dijk, 1986, pp. The Kassites, a tribe from the Zagros mountains in present-day Iran, arrived in Babylonia and filled a vacuum left by the Hittite invasion. Tukulti-Ninurta of Assyria conquered Babylon in 1225 B.C., but the Kassites survived Assyrian pressure until twelfth-century wars with Elam finally resulted in the end of their suzerainty. The first Jewish king, King Saul, defeated the Ammonites and made them his servants. The emergence of the Kassite state took place in the 16th and 15th centuries BCE, which are almost devoid of documentation. 95 ff. This is the first entry which will cover the Kassite period (1600-1160 BCE). B. Landsberger, Assyrische Knigsliste und dunkles Zeitalter, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8, 1954, pp. 15-26. Who are the ethiopian in the bible? - Egszz.churchrez.org Before entering Mesopotamia they were illiterate mountain people speaking a language that is not known today. Kish in the Kassite Period (c. 1650-1150 B.C. The Kassites entered into Babylon after the Old Babylonian Empire and established their rule around 1531 B.C. There are very few filiations with the father bearing a Babylonian name. Idem, rev. Most of the Kassite kings ruled on an average of 17 to 20 years. Volume 2 Kardunia. Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires. 850-98. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. 6, no. 17-22. This document includes a graphic timeline (imagemap) and a hypertexted text timeline The Babylonian Empire. Saarbrcken: Saarlndische Druckerei und Verlag, Sternitzke, Katja. [25] As the Babylonian empire weakened in the following years the Kassites became a part of the landscape, even at times supplying troops for Babylon. ; Nashef, 1982, pp. Charpin, 1995). In the early 1st millennium BCE the countryside has become increasingly tribal and hostile towards the Babylonian temple cities (see Edens, 1994, pp. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. F. H. Weissbach, he Kissa, in Pauly-Wissowa, RE 21, 1921, pp. The Amarna letters show marriage contracts between Egypt's 18th dynasty and the Kassites. For a time in the early reign of Tukulti-Ninurta I Assyria gained ascendancy, until the Elamites under Kidin-Hutran III intervened. And I realized all my beliefs like what Edison believed came from the Bible. Midterm Flashcards | Chegg.com Isaac was 100 years later in 2048bce, or 2048 from Adam. J. The Assyrians were great warriors. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. . The Kassites (/ksats/) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1595 BC and until c. 1155 BC (middle chronology). Please support World History Encyclopedia. The Kassite penetration into Mesopotamia. They are well represented among the great landowners. del Monte and Tischler, 1978, p. 344; Belmonte Marn, 2001, pp. A.. "1. A.. "The Names of the Last Eight Kings of the Kassite Dynasty" Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. 1150-985 BCE), viz., the second dynasty of Isin, the second dynasty of the Sealand, and the Bazi dynasty, had Akkadian, Kassite, and hybrid (Akkadian-Kassite) names. The opening of Joshua, chapter 10, describes the King of Jerusalem being afraid because of the capturing of Ai and Jericho by Joshua during battle. 111, no. [18] Often situated on the surface, many were found early and made their way to museums around the world. Most cultic offices and lower administrative ranks were almost exclusively in the hands of Babylonians (Akkadians). The Assyrians Reception of a victorious. It was written plain as day in the Egyptian language. The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient - Amazon The sixth letter is the last and most severe letter and the Abdi-zedek begs once again for military help by means of archers from Egypt. Iraq Museum, Limestone relief of a male figure from Tell al-Rimah, Iraq. The name Cushan is considered a translation for Kassite or northwest Mesopotamia. Who are the Ethiopian people in the Bible? 131149, 1949, O. R. Gurney, Further Texts from Dur-Kurigalzu, Sumer, vol. Around 1800 B.C., the Kassites began to settle in the Zagros Mountains which are located in modern day Iran. Dr-Kurigalzu: Insights from Unpublished Iraqi Excavation Reports". H. H. Paper, rev. 163-69). Unfortunately, many of those tablets have not yet been published, including hundreds held in the Ottoman Museum in Istanbul. 1-48. K. Balkan, Kassitenstudien, 1: Die Sprache der Kassiten, American Oriental Series 37, New Haven, 1954. (Bible Quiz), Journal of Ancient EgyptianInterconnections, Israel Mentioned in Egyptian Inscriptions, 15 Christian Leaders That Make More Money Getting Out Of Bed Than Youll Make All Year, Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Neo Babylonian Period [626 - 529 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible, Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Middle Babylonian Period [1000 625 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible. [3], The origin and classification of the Kassite language, like the Sumerian language and Hurrian language, is uncertain, and, also like the two latter languages, has generated a wide array of speculation over the years, even to the point of linking it to Sanskrit. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But, dont take my word for all of that. ). First mentioned in Elamite texts of the late 3rd millennium bc, they penetrated into Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium, 2, line 18; 10, 11.31.34). 2, 1971, Ferrara, A. J. Idem, The Ethno-Linguistic Character of Northwestern Iran and Kurdistan in the Neo-Assyrian Period, Tel Aviv, 2002. 234-37; idem, 1984, pp. Our collection of maps are simple and they are free. 185f. 58, no. [58] The seals were generally made of stone, glass, or clay. J. Boese, Burnaburia II, Meliipak und die mittelbabylonische Chronologie, Ugarit Forschungen 14, 1982, pp. The Kassites, controlled Mesopotamia from 1595 to 1157 B.C. 224 f.). Ran Zadok, "KASSITES,"Encyclopdia Iranica, online edition, 2015, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kassites (accessed on 13May2015). Mesopotamian Timeline - Umb.edu The governor of Nippur was in charge of an economic organization, which collected numerous agricultural deliveries and imposts from broad parts of Babylonia. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Large Map of the Roman Empire in the Early First Century - Click around on the Places. 5 What kind of government did the Kassites have? Museum, British. What kind of government did the Kassites have? Jahrtausend v.Chr., Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 12/2, Wiesbaden, 2001. Kassites after the fall of the Kassite dynasty. The Bible, however, distinguishes the Havilah that serves as one of the boundaries of Ishmaelite territory from all other places named Havilah, with the qualifying phrase "by Shur, which is close to Egypt" (Gen. 25:18). 3 Where did the Kassite people originally come from? 287-90. What Caused The Bronze Age Collapse Of Civilization? (5 Theories) Judges 8:33 records that after Gideon died, the Israelites turned from the Lord and worshiped Baals and made Baal-berith their God. Katiliau of Terqa was probably a contemporary of Abi-euh (1711-1684 BCE; see Podany, 2002, pp. The names of some Kassite deities are known. It is mostly translated as "Ur of the Chaldeans." The problem with "Chaldeans" is that it is a late word used in the Neo-Babylonian times. kudurru). 5. The Rise And Fall Of Babylon | Bible.org Amarna a-an-har-ra, a-an-ha-ar (from Mitanni and Alashia), Hittite a-an-ha-ra(-az), Egyptian ngr, Old Testament nr < *amara (Old Babylonian gentilic Samhar), presumably a Kassite tribe, gave its name to Babylonia while it was occupied by the Kassites (see Zadok, 1984; cf. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Kassites were a warlike people that invaded Babylon during the 16th century B.C. In the time of Old Babylonia they were hired mercenaries for the state and also formed bands of outlaw rebels against the state. I read the Bible four times as a child I thought I believed different from everyone else.