She says thirst can be one symptom of dehydration, but others can sneak up on you like feeling dizzy, having a rapid heartbeat, a headache or . But older adults the age group most at risk of severe complications or death from this . Within the airways there then appears to be a traffic of respiratory droplets from the upper airways to the lower airways, and from the lower airways to the upper airways, this traffic predominating in one direction or the other depending on many factors that should be further explored, including the degree of air volume expired, the rate of air flow, and the health and hydration state of the individual. Droplets generated in the upper airways on inhalation travel toward the periphery of the lungs, depositing throughout the airways as a function of droplet size. February 17-19, 2021: The problem worsened day by day due to excessive thirst and difficulty in swallowing, which resulted in extreme weakness and fatigue.I consulted a leading gastroenterologist on February 18.To my amusement, he checked me on WhatsApp video call and prescribed tests for Liver function, Urine infection, thyroid, and Hb1Ac. February 2, 2021: I fainted and was unconscious due to low. G.S. MRB and EF oversaw the research related to mask-based collection of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2. Most of the COVID-19-positive subjects in the two arms of the study entered the hospital with fever, cough, body pain and loss of smell or taste sensation (Table 1), and mean initial self-reported symptom scores of 3.150.17 (no statistical difference in symptom scores was observed between the two groups, P=0.599). Healthy volunteers (17 males, 3 females, no smokers) participated in a coordinated workout that involved weight training and other physical exercises over 60min within an air-conditioned gymnasium at 2025 C and 5070% relative humidity with all exhaled aerosol measurements performed once subjects had recovered normal tidal breathing. De Pue, S. et al. PubMed 2A) ranged from below detection limit (12 particles per liter of air) to over 1000 thousand particles per liter of air. 103(5), 9S-18S (1997). Cell Mol. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/insacog-data-too-confirm-rise-of-b-1-617-across-states/articleshow/82781103.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst. The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available via the provided hyperlink information in the supplementary material. Public Health 18(8), 4329. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084329 (2021). ISSN 2045-2322 (online). Pulm. 307(1), 7178 (2007). Front. A temporary increase in heart rate can be caused by a lot of different things, including dehydration. PNAS 116, 1090510910 (2019). The impact of upper airway hydration on oxygenation needs further study. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offers advice to help you avoid dehydration when sick, including: If you aren't eating well, drink liquids. (A) Exhaled aerosol particle numbers for 357 healthy human subjects in Marburg Germany. # After three or four days, I feel weak and exhausted and get tired even walking a small distance. Exhaled aerosol generally increased with weight loss for all subjects during the first 30min of exercise (Fig. Red, hot, dry skin. Our findings are reported here. These findings are consistent with recent findings41 that healthy human subjects on moving from a dry air environment to a humid environment exhaled significantly fewer respiratory droplets. The glottis aperture fluctuates at around 1Hz during normal tidal breathing, expanding on inhalation and contracting on exhalation30 by one to three-fold31. On the other hand, delivery of hypertonic salt droplets to the trachea and main bronchi increases water content both by the delivery of water mass and the hypertonicity of the water delivered. The Dried Droplet Counter method involved an aerosol spectrometer (Resp-Aer-Meter, Palas GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany), specifically designed to detect airborne exhaled particles in the size range of 0.155.0m with very high sizing resolution (16 channels/decade). Chumlea, W. C., Guo, S. S., Zeller, C. M., Reo, N. V. & Siervogel, R. M. Total body water data for white adults 18 to 64 years of age: The Fels Longitudinal Study. Low blood volume shock (hypovolemic shock) This is one of the most serious, and sometimes life-threatening, complications of dehydration. 2D) (n=157). We hypothesized that daily targeting of hypertonic divalent cation salt solutions to the upper airways would be an effective non-drug strategy to reduce health risks of COVID-19 by: (a) hydrating the upper airways in the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection to improve upper-airway clearance and; (b) reducing respiratory droplet generation and promoting oxygenation otherwise diminished by dehydration of the larynx. Finck, C. & Lejeune, L. Structure and oscillatory function of the vocal folds. We want to hear all about it. and JavaScript. Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day to stay hydrated. Oxygen saturation was measured for several of the subjects at the t=0, 30min and 60min, and several of the subjects also exhaled aerosol at t=0 with a residual volume breathing maneuver. Use sugar-free sore throat lozenges to keep your mouth wet. How much water is lost during breathing?. In processes of physical exercise and progression of COVID-19, upper airway dehydration may add to the effects of elevated release of oxygen by hemoglobin (in states of exercise) and impairment of oxygen absorption in the gas exchange regions of the lungs (in symptomatic disease), thus contributing to low oxygen saturationat least prior to when the lattermay play a predominant role. Edwards, D. A. et al. Significance of differences in individual and collective aerosol numbers were determined by twin-tailed T Test. This jet of air shears airway surface water lining the glottis, trachea and main bronchi closest to the carina threatening surface instability when Reynolds numbers exceed around 500036. Exclusion criteria included at all three sites included: human volunteers younger than 18years or older than 70; negative (for Germany and US) or positive (India) nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-Cov-2 (RT-PCR) (within 1week); subjects with chronic debilitating illness like cancer, immune deficiency etc. CAS Topical hydration of young and healthy (exercise-induced dehydrated) subjects with salt droplets sized (over 80% of the droplets larger than 7m) to mostly deposit above the carina diminishes exhaled aerosol to normal low levels even while the subjects remain in a whole-body dehydrated state (Fig. We obtained IRB approval for the study from the Ethics Committee at the University Marburg. Body weight was measured using a using an InBody H20N Smart Full Body Composition Analyzer Scale with an accuracy of 0.2 lbs. 1C). Hypotheses. and I.L. (E) Exhaled aerosol particle numbers from 87 mildly symptomatic COVID-19 subjects. volume12, Articlenumber:4599 (2022) Rosen, C. & Simpson, C. Operative Techniques in Laryngology (Springer-Verlag, 2008). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on wellbeing and cognitive functioning of older adults. J. Appl. 2E) than non-infected individuals (Fig. J. (India Economic Times, 2021). The laryngeal jet of air consequently drives upper airway respiratory droplet generation on inhalation38, and on exhalation39 with phonation (Fig. "If you're at home treating COVID-19 symptoms, remember to stay hydrated," Dr. Mehta says. Penn Medicine Lancaster General . Similarly, symptoms of COVID-19 can range from a dry cough to a high fever. We also find that exhaled aerosol is amplified in young and healthy human subjects following exercise-induced whole-body dehydrationreaching levels (Fig. February 16, 2021: I started feeling thirsty the entire day and night.I had to sip water every five minutes to keep my mouth and throat wet.Saliva secretion from the glands almost stopped.I could feel swallowing food from my throat to my liver and sometimes it became painful to swallow even liquid.Due to the excessive thirst, I could not sleep at night as my throat keep drying and it felt like a cracked wall. Edwards, D. A. et al. 2E. Post COVID symptoms 1. Google Scholar. We recruited 87 human subject volunteers ages 1657 among mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients at Bangalore Baptist Hospital (BBH) during a phase of the Indian pandemic (December to June 2021) over which sequenced BBH infections of the delta (B.1.617.2) coronavirus variant increased from a small minority of cases to greater than 60% of Indian infections40. Inflammation, redness, and swelling of the. Age, weight, height, and smoking status was documented for all of the subjects and lung health parameters documented for a subset of 157 subjects (see Supplemental Material). Flow 17(6), 767782 (1991). Nature 600, 580583 (2021). All tests were normal except for a little infection in urine and a little high SGPT.He prescribed medication for anxiety and gastric problems (Omeprazole). D.A. COVID-19: Breaking down a global health crisis. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment and non-treatment groups by choosing between blank envelopes in which their identity as Active or Control was identified. Influenza worsens dry air Low ambient humidity impairs barrier function and innate resistance against influenza infection. 7) Headaches. A homemade oral rehydration solution (ORS) may be a quick way to restore the lost fluids and minerals in the body. USA 116(22), 1090510910 (2019). (A) The human glottis during open (inhalation) and closed (exhalation) normal tidal breathing; (B) Airflow, droplet generation and turbulent eddies in the human larynx on normal inhalation; (C) Airflow, droplet generation and turbulent eddies on speech (phonation with exhalation). 4B). Mean exhaled aerosol droplet numbers for the infected subjects (Fig. J. Colloid Interface Sci. Measurement of phonation threshold power in normal and disordered voice production. taking acetaminophen to help control a fever. We excluded results from the randomized control study of all subjects who escalated to intensive care before completing the three days of FEND or Simply Saline administration. 3A,B) otherwise observed in the non-infected elderly and obese human subjects (Fig. Deep breathing restores lung function by using the diaphragm, the booklet notes, and encourages a restoration and relaxation mode in the nervous system. In a random control study of COVID-19 positive subjects (n=40), thrice-a-day delivery of the calcium-rich hypertonic salts (active) suppressed respiratory droplet generation by 51%11% and increased oxygen saturation over three days of treatment by 48.08%9.61% (P<0.001), while no changes were observed in the nasal-saline control group. They may last a few days . We measured exhaled particles in two independent ways in our three studies in the US, Germany and India. Experts recommend keeping up with your fluid intake both before and after the COVID vaccine so you don't become . N.M., J.S., and R.D.F. George, C.E., Scheuch, G., Seifart, U. et al. Dehydration can contribute to kidney stones, kidney failure and heatstroke, all life-threatening illnesses. COVID symptoms like cough, fever and shortness of breath are well known, but coronavirus patients are suffering from a wide range of strange, bewildering symptoms long after their initial bout . Newswise SCOTTSDALE, AZ, MARCH 11, 2020 - Amid escalating concerns about derivative health implications of COVID-19 and influenza illnesses in generalwith dehydration paramount among the . Natl. Sivasankar, M. & Leyden, C. The role of hydration in vocal fold physiology. Post COVID-19 condition, unspecified (U09.9) This new code became effective October 1, 2021 to identify conditions following acute COVID-19. Airway hygiene in children and adults for lowering respiratory droplet exposure in health and learning environments in clean and dirty air. frequent need to urinate. This advice is limited to cases related to COVID-19. 4, 4657 (2020). When the airway lining fluid is depleted either by the breathing of dry air or by systemic dehydration, its volume diminishes, salt concentrations increase, and surfactant concentration on mucus airway lining fluid increases. Observations and Self medications that helped me: Take a glass full of water mix with a spoon of. COVID-19, as an infectious viral disease induces a heavy burden on the body and can leave patients suffering from symptoms long after recovery, no matter how mild or severe the infection was. 4C), as well as during exercise-induced dehydration, although the latter conclusion is based on a small data set and will need tobe validated by further study. Exhaled particles are counted and sized in a similar way as in the Non-Dried Method, while involving drying of exhaled droplets and assessment of droplets as small as 150nm. COVID-19 headaches can last for months, especially if someone develops post-COVID-19 syndromes (long COVID). Chronic sub-optimal systemic hydration appears to promote the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in the lung, and increase capillary leakage of airway lining fluid15, among other systemic biochemical consequences that increase risks of COVID-1912,15. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. The size and quantity of particles were determined from the number and intensity of the scattered light pulses. Dehydration of the upper airways increases risks of respiratory diseases from COVID-19 to asthma and COPD. Med. Voice 33, 1328 (2019). 19 (ed. Dehydration of the upper airways increases risks of respiratory diseases from COVID-19 to asthma and COPD. (F) Mean exhaled aerosol numbers for the 87 COVID-19 patients as a function of time period of infection and recruitment. The SARS-CoV2 pandemic that hit the planet at the end of 2019 brings a new disease with a combination of symptoms and an original evolution. She revealed that she's swollen due to extreme dehydration connected to POTS syndrome and exacerbated by a dry, cold climate. Greg Vanichkachorn, M.D., director of Mayo Clinic's COVID Activity Rehabilitation Program, describes the most . Phys Fluids 30, 101901 (2018). 2E) were significantly more numerous (mean 6,3001,792 particles per liter) than with the non-infected subjects (Fig. 290, 10101027 (2021). MATH cider Vinegar (Mother culture) and one teaspoon of psyllium husk.Drink it half an hour before your meal. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. JS is an employee, DA a board member, and DAE the founder of Sensory Cloud Inc. As consultants, employees, board members and founder of Sensory Cloud, AJH, RDF, JS, DE and DAE own shares in Sensory Cloud Inc. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The central and lower airways being insensitive to the humidity of the environment, our results suggest that the breathing of humid air reduces dehydration of the upper airways, providing upper airway hydration similar to what we observe following hypertonic salt delivery in our exercise-induced dehydration study (Fig. For each person recruited, the numbered envelope corresponding to that person's recruitment number is opened to see the allotmentcategory. Exhaled aerosol numbers did increase significantly (P=0.0002) with age (n=357) (Fig. We recruited at the R3VIVE Fitness in Boston Massachusetts 20 healthy human subject volunteers, 13 male and 7 female, no smokers, ages 2237, and BMI 22 to 33 (see Supplemental Material). 1B). Sci. Natl. Each standard nebulizer tubing and mouthpiece were removed from sealed packaging before each subject prior to the subjects first exhaled particle detection. **P<0.0025, ***P<0.0001. All error bars represent 95% confidence intervals based on standard deviation values. Soft Matter 16(33), 78237834 (2020). Each P-value below 0.05 was considered to be statistically different. SARS-CoV2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract. Nasal sprayed particle deposition in a human nasal cavity under different inhalation conditions. You can become dehydrated easily when you're sick, especially if you have a fever. J. https://doi.org/10.1142/S252973252101001X (2021). Low ambient humidity impairs barrier function and innate resistance against influenza infection. Alternating low and high humidity in the upper airways during tidal breathing creates a cyclical pattern of dehydration and rehydration that, when accompanied by systemic dehydration or the chronic breathing of dry air, can promote extreme thinning of upper airway lining fluid11, reduce cilia beat frequency10, and damage epithelial cells19. Enhanced surfactant concentration on airway lining fluid destabilizes surfaces and promotes droplet breakup43,44. Zero respiratory symptoms. Day 3. collected and reported data related to the BBH COVID-19 human subject study. CAS To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. While further research is needed to clarify the nature of the phenomenon, conceivably the combination of water film over the surface of upper airway mucus, transfer of airway lining fluid from the lower airways to the upper airways on exhalation, and unlikelihood of hydrogel (mucin) molecules aerosolizing under the shear forces that otherwise easily breakup water surfaces, contribute to respiratory droplets, wherever they form in the airways, tending to be of similar composition. It's been five months since Lucy Gahan contracted Covid-19, and her life still hasn't returned to normal. J. Appl Phys. Proc. The study was funded by the Azim Premji Foundation and by thePROTECT COVID-19 UK National Core Study on transmission and environment. (B) Exhaled aerosol particle numbers versus age, with median=50years. S.C., I.N. Getting moisture to the upper airways may be such a solution9,10,11,12. Ghosh, A., Boucher, R. C. & Tarran, R. Airway hydration and COPD. Kidney disease. 2B) and trended higher (P=0.057) with BMI (n=157) (Fig. These continue for more than 12 weeks and are not explained by any other conditions. Virol. Otolaryngol. Six subjects repeated maneuvers on two separate days, and 4 subjects were excluded from the study on one of the two days of the study either for having consumed water during the study or starting a breathing maneuver without allowing time to recover normal tidal breathingforced (residual-volume) breathing leading to an amplification of respiratory droplet generation as further discussed in the Supplemental Material. MATH 196, 00030 (2019). Van Hirtum, A., Bouvet, A. Life Sci. drinking plenty of water. A nasal steroid spray (such as beclomethasone/Beconase or triamcinolone/Nasacort) Ipratropium (Atrovent) nasal spray which inhibits secretions (such as mucus) Other treatments depend on the cause of the post-nasal drip. Google Scholar. Shown are (A) all subjects before and after 30min of exercise; (B) all non-treatment control subjects before, during and after 60min of exercise; (C) all active subjects before and after administration at 30min of exercise of upper-airway salts; (D) all subjects as a function of dehydration weight loss over the course of the exercise-induced dehydration study after 30min (left) and all control subjects after 60min (right). 20(1), 35 (2021). Flowchart of multisite human volunteer study. Carolin Elizabeth George, Gerhard Scheuch or David A. Edwards. A persistent sweet tooth may simply be a sign you . We studied daily administration (thrice a day for three days) of calcium-rich hypertonic salts to the upper airways on exhaled aerosol, oxygen saturation, and disease symptoms in a randomized double-blinded nasal-saline control study of 40 moderately symptomatic COVID-19 patients admitted into Bangalore Baptist Hospital during the period MayJune when the delta variant predominated infections in India50. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.752227 (2021). Differences in average age and disease severity of patients in our study (Table 1) were insignificant between December 2020 and June 2021, as were environmental factors including relative humidity and air quality, suggesting that increase in proportion of delta variant infections may be a cause of the amplification of respiratory droplet generation over the duration of our study and a factor in the increased contagiousness of the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. PLoS ONE 14(9), e0221330 (2019). All participants in the India study received oral antibiotics (azithromycin) and were treated for fever with paracetamol. Front. Google Scholar. Our observations of reduced symptoms and need for intravenous antibiotic and steroid intervention with laryngeal and tracheal hydration suggest that upper-airway respiratory droplet generation may contribute to the worsening of symptoms of COVID-19 owing to progression of the virus deeper into the lungs by the breakup of airway lining fluid in the upper airways where SARS-CoV-2 infection generally begins. Calmet, H. et al. AJH and RDF are consultants for Sensory Cloud Inc., the manufacturer of FEND (the calcium-rich hypertonic salt used in the study). It occurs when low blood volume causes a drop in blood pressure and a drop in the amount of oxygen in your body. Try to keep your mouth wet by eating fruits like grapes, watermelon, or other citrus fruits. February 1, 2021: I got a mild fever and had a body temperature between 99 and 101.5. No significant difference in exhaled aerosol or size distribution was observed between male (145) and female (212) subjects (P>0.05) or between (self-identified) smoker (62) and non-smoker (195) subjects (P>0.05) (Supplemental Material). J. We administered steroid in response to persistent distressing symptoms, falling oxygen saturation (below 95%) or increased CRP orD Dimer. Studies have shown it prevents severe Covid symptoms, reducing risk for multiple, severe symptoms (a contributing factor to long Covid), and also helps immune function "bounce back" post-virus. Am. Google Scholar. Stookey, J. D., Allu, P. K. R., Chabas, D., Pearce, D. & Lang, F. Hypotheses about sub-optimal hydration in the weeks before coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a risk factor for dying from COVID-19. P-values were calculated for each unique set of variables compared to baseline values. QRB Discov. PubMed All participants received the active or the control three times a day over the first three days following the start of the study. 4, 110 (2020). They also interpreted data from the study. We calculated statistical significance of differences using a multiway analysis of variance (ANOVA) test for each set of variables. COVID-19 diarrhea can cause green stool by the way it causes yellow stool (lack of fat breakdown). ; and notably in at Bangalore Baptist Hospital severely ill subjects, subjects with mental illness/psychiatric medications, and subjects unable to complete 3 full days of treatment with active intervention or placebo. Viaframe/Getty Images. Keep the oximeter in handy and regularly check your oxygen level on the oximeter.Consult your doctor if the oxygen level is below 92 or you feel more congestion. I took steam regularly three times a day to get rid of the congestion, but it lasted for a month. (D) Exhaled aerosol particle numbers versus BMI-age, with median=1481.22. Exhaled aerosol particle numbers from healthy human subjects in an exercise-induced dehydration study. On the first day and each subsequent day we measured oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry. Effects of different protocols of hydration on cardiorespiratory parameters during exercise and recovery. In severe cases, diarrhea can affect a person's kidney and liver function . PubMed Green color. A non-pathogen specific hygienic approach for respiratory disease could be an inexpensive and easily-adopted approach to supporting global respiratory health in the light of the ongoing pandemic and the worsening of air quality associated with climate change. At the end of January this year, I got infected with COVID-19 and the result was as follows. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, writing of the article, or the decision to publish the study. 2A) (mean 21431.3 particles per liter). February 3-5, 2021: My fever lasted for four days and I got better on the fifth day apart from feeling congestion in the throat and lungs with no cough. We also excluded from the study those patients who required supplemental oxygen prior to admission or during the first three days post admission (blood oxygen saturation below 95%). Exhaled aerosol numbers (Fig. J. Dizziness, headache, muscle cramps, and more symptoms could be signs that you need to drink more fluids. This dehydration, coupled with COVID-19, can affect the function of a person's lungs, which can result in pneumonia. Clin. ADS J. Mech. Scheuch, G. Breathing is enough: For the spread of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 by breathing only. Sci. Body weight was measured for all of the subjects at multiple intervals without change of clothing. # I am taking steam on a regular basis till date as leaving it leads to congestion again. Breathing dry air causes acute epithelial damage and inflammation of the guinea pig trachea. Given the recent finding that topical airway dehydration amplifies exhaled aerosol41, and delivery of calcium-rich hypertonic saline to the upper airways diminishes exhaled aerosol for several hours41,47,48,49, we sought to explore the interrelated roles of systemic and topical (calcium-enriched hypertonic saline) hydration on exhaled aerosol during normal tidal breathing in a randomized two-armed interventional study of exercise-induced dehydration in 20 young (2245years of age), low-BMI human volunteers in Boston, Massachusetts. PubMed Central McBriarty, who struggled for months with fluctuating fatigue, brain fog, dehydration and chest tightness, says his first treatment of ivermectin produced a noticeable change. urine that's foamy or bloody. Hou, Y. J. et al. Mallah, S. L. et al. Typically, people recover from COVID . Responsible for sound generation, vocal folds are multi-layer tissues coated by mucus and epithelial cell layers27 that vibrate at around 100Hz when exposed to pressures that exceed a threshold phonation pressure28 and to a degree shaped by viscoelastic properties that are highly water-dependent29. 144, 110237 (2020). ETimes is an Entertainment, TV & Lifestyle industrys promotional. PubMed Central Before each test, the mouthpiece was replaced by a stopper and the particle detector was turned on to verify the absence of leakage of particles from the environment. for more than a year.It has changed the meaning of life in the present time.You cannot roam around on the road, in the parks, or travel without fear of getting infected. With the preponderance of airway lining fluid volume existing in the small airways and alveolar region of the lungs16, movement of airway lining fluid from the lower to the upper airways is essential in the form of condensate from the fully saturated air exhaled out of the lungs, as well as deposition of respiratory droplets generated in the small airways (Fig. Post COVID-19 care: Whether it is a pestering headache or an episode of fatigue, it is essential to focus on any noticeable signs that your body isn't approving the post-COVID situation. Langmuir 36(43), 1277312783 (2020). Neurological symptoms, such as dizziness, are potential symptoms of long COVID-19. Opin. We also find in a protocol of exercise-induced airway dehydration that hydration of the airways by calcium-rich saltsincreases oxygenation relative to a non-treatment control (P<0.05). George, C. E. et al. For some people, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes symptoms that last for weeks or months after the infection has gone. In the first few minutes of evaporation, hydrogels therefore tend to evaporate at a rate that is indistinguishable from water itselfwhile with the thin water film disappearing, evaporation rate precipitously declines55. Make sure you are drinking enough fluids, especially if you have a fever. Allergy 8, 18 (2018). Dehydration is not just a case of feeling a little bit parched. said Dr. Rena Daiza from Henry Ford Family Medicine. Post-COVID conditions are a wide range of new, returning, or ongoing health problems that people experience after being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19. Mecenas, P., Bastos, R., Vallinoto, A. 121(2), 10581065 (2018). Edwards, D. A., Salzman, J., Devlin, T. & Langer, R. Nasal calcium-rich salts for cleaning airborne particles from the airways of essential workers, students, and a family in quarantine. Due to the presence of ACE2 receptors in the kidneys and gastrointestinal (GI) The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Dehydration of the glottis reduces flexibility of the vocal folds32, and can reduce glottal aperture and air flow as a consequence of reduced glottal pressure associated with diminished turbulent two-phase (droplet in air) mixing33,34. PubMed 6 Unusual Signs of Dehydration You Should Know About.