[22] After he attended a training programme at the SS depot in Klosterlechfeld in August, Eichmann returned to the Passau border in September, where he was assigned to lead an eight-man SS liaison team to guide Austrian National Socialists into Germany and smuggle propaganda material from there into Austria. [119], Lothar Hermann, a Jewish German who had emigrated to Argentina in 1938, was also instrumental in exposing Eichmann's identity. . Colonel) Otto Adolf Eichmann. [154] The Israelis were unwilling to take him to trial based solely on the evidence in documents and witness testimony, so he was subject to daily interrogations, the transcripts of which totalled over 3,500 pages. [57] On many of the trains in this period, up to a third of the deportees died in transit. Born in Solingen, Germany, in 1906, Adolf Eichmann was the son of a moderately successful Austrian businessman and industrialist. [193] The judges declared him not guilty of personally killing anyone and not guilty of overseeing and controlling the activities of the Einsatzgruppen. Klaus arrived not long after, however, and addressed Eichmann as "Father". This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. Learn more about managing a memorial . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [24] Eichmann's battalion of the Deutschland Regiment was quartered at barracks next door to Dachau concentration camp. [13] From 1925 to 1927 he worked as a sales clerk for the Obersterreichische Elektrobau AG radio company. Every morning, the words " Beth Hamishpath . [160] The legal basis of the charges against Eichmann was the 1950 Nazi and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law,[161][h] under which he was indicted on 15 criminal charges, including crimes against humanity, war crimes, crimes against the Jewish people, and membership in a criminal organisation. "[220] The term "little Eichmanns" became a pejorative term for bureaucrats charged with indirectly and systematically harming others. "All I know is that Heydrich told me, 'the Fhrer ordered the physical extermination of the Jews. [183] In his testimony throughout the trial, Eichmann insisted he had no choice but to follow orders, as he was bound by an oath of loyalty to Hitler the same superior orders defence used by some defendants in the 19451946 Nuremberg trials. [54] Heydrich announced Eichmann to be his "special expert", in charge of arranging for all deportations into occupied Poland. [153], Eichmann was taken to a fortified police station at Yagur in Israel, where he spent nine months. His father, Adolf Karl Eichmann, was a bookkeeper and his mother, Maria Schefferling, was a housewife. these were Klaus, Horst Adolf, Dieter Helmut and Ricardo Francisco. Adolf Eichmann's son lives near where Mossad captured Nazi mastermind Try again later. In 1914 his family moved to Linz, Austria, where his father had joined the 'Linz Tramway and . [96] Eichmann later testified that Berlin had authorised him to allow emigration of a million Jews in exchange for 10,000 trucks equipped to handle the wintry conditions on the Eastern Front. [172][173], The prosecution case was presented over the course of 56 days, involving hundreds of documents and 112 witnesses (many of them Holocaust survivors). Adolf Eichmann Family, Career & Trial | Who was Adolf Eichmann? [79] Kaltenbrunner succeeded Heydrich as head of the RSHA. [147] In the ensuing debate, Israeli representative (and later prime minister) Golda Meir claimed that the abductors were not Israeli agents but private individuals, meaning that the incident was only an "isolated violation of Argentine law. [190] When Hausner produced evidence that Eichmann had stated in 1945 that "I will leap into my grave laughing because the feeling that I have five million human beings on my conscience is for me a source of extraordinary satisfaction", Eichmann said he meant "enemies of the Reich" such as the Soviets. After the death of Maria in 1916, Eichmann's father married Maria Zawrzel, a devout Protestant with two sons. [34] Eichmann left the church in 1937. or don't show this againI am good at figuring things out. [48] After discussions with Hitler in the preceding weeks, on 21 September SS-Obergruppenfhrer Reinhard Heydrich, head of the SD, advised his staff that Jews were to be collected into cities in Poland with good rail links to facilitate their expulsion from territories controlled by Germany, starting with areas that had been incorporated into the Reich. 59). The decades-long hunt for Eichmann is among the most infamous fugitive pursuits in history. [184] Eichmann asserted that the decisions had been made not by him, but by Mller, Heydrich, Himmler, and ultimately Hitler. When Otto Adolf Eichmann was born on 19 March 1906, in Dsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, his father, Karl Adolf Eichmann, was 30 and his mother, Maria Schefferling, was 31. You need a Find a Grave account to continue. In hiding from Nazi-hunters, Adolf. The case is still fresh in many people's minds, 50 years. - Buried Ashes scattered at sea over the Mediterranean from Jaffa Port, beyond the territorial waters of Israel by an Israeli Navy patrol boat. [23] In late December, when this unit was dissolved, Eichmann was promoted to SS-Scharfhrer (squad leader, equivalent to corporal). February 8, 1963. Please try again later. [90] Round-ups began on 16 April, and from 14 May, four trains of 3,000 Jews per day left Hungary and travelled to the camp at Auschwitz II-Birkenau, arriving along a newly built spur line that terminated a few hundred metres away from the gas chambers. We know that one doesn't need to be fanatical, sadistic, or mentally ill to murder millions; that it is enough to be a loyal follower eager to do one's duty. Horst Adolf Eichmann (1940-2015) - Find a Grave Memorial Long live Austria. [45] Eichmann was promoted to SS-Obersturmfhrer (first lieutenant) in July 1938, and appointed to the Central Agency for Jewish Emigration in Vienna, created in August in a room in the former Palais Albert Rothschild at Prinz-Eugen-Strae 2022. This account has been disabled. "I was not a responsible leader, and as such do not feel myself guilty. He also drew up plans for a Jewish reservation, first at Nisko in southeast Poland and later in Madagascar, but neither of these plans was carried out. Adolf Eichmann killed a Jewish baby personal. - WW2 Gravestone [191] During later examination by the judges, he admitted he meant the Jews, and said the remark was an accurate reflection of his opinion at the time. View Source Suggest Edits Memorial Photos Flowers Created by: Joe Leong Added: 18 Aug 2021 An email has been sent to the person who requested the photo informing them that you have fulfilled their request, There is an open photo request for this memorial. Horst Eichmann, 24 years old, called a news conference two years and a day after his father, a former Gestapo colonel, was hanged by Israel for his role in the Nazi extermination of six million. Adolf Eichmann, in full Karl Adolf Eichmann, (born March 19, 1906, Solingen, Germanydied May 31, 1962, Tel Aviv, Israel), German high official who was hanged by the State of Israel for his part in the Holocaust, the Nazi extermination of Jews during World War II. The letter was signed and dated: "Adolf Eichmann Jerusalem, May 29, 1962." Eichmann was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity, and sentenced to death on Dec. 15, 1961. [83] His department was in constant contact with the Foreign Office, as Jews of conquered nations such as France could not as easily be stripped of their possessions and deported to their deaths. Trivia. [109] The family built a house at 14 Garibaldi Street (now 6061 Garibaldi Street) and moved in during 1960. [121] Hermann then sent his daughter on a fact-finding mission; she was met at the door by Eichmann himself, who said that he was Klaus's uncle. His family moved to Germany in 1920. To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. [195] In addition to being found guilty of crimes against Jews, he was convicted for crimes against Poles, Slovenes, and Roma. [178], Some of the evidence submitted by the prosecution took the form of depositions made by leading Nazis. Thus he decided to turn directly to Israeli authorities. [106] These documents enabled him to obtain an International Committee of the Red Cross humanitarian passport and the remaining entry permits in 1950 that would allow emigration to Argentina. Adolph Eichmann was hanged in Tel-Aviv on May 31, 1962, according to Britannica. Please contact Find a Grave at [emailprotected] if you need help resetting your password. I die believing in God. Horst Adolf Eichmann 1940 - 2015. [78] The genocide was code-named Operation Reinhard in honour of Heydrich, who had died in Prague in early June from wounds suffered in an assassination attempt. By the time the transports were stopped in July 1944, 437,000 of Hungary's 725,000 Jews had been killed. Byl poven Reinhardem Heydrichem organizovnm deportac id do ghett a vyhlazovacch tbor. Weve updated the security on the site. Karl Adolf Eichmann (March 19, 1906-May 31, 1962), sometimes referred to as "the architect of the Holocaust", was a Nazi and "SS"-" Obersturmbannfhrer" (equivalent to Lieutenant Colonel). The appeal was heard by a five-judge Supreme Court panel consisting of Supreme Court President Yitzhak Olshan and judges Shimon Agranat, Moshe Zilberg, Yoel Zussman, and Alfred Witkon. [98], Eichmann, resentful that Kurt Becher and others were becoming involved in Jewish emigration matters, and angered by Himmler's suspension of deportations to the death camps, requested reassignment in July. After the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, Eichmann and his staff arranged for Jews to be concentrated in ghettos in major cities with the expectation that they would be transported either farther east or overseas. Year should not be greater than current year. This was the first time that the Holocaust was presented to a competent judicial body in full detail, in all its stages and from all its aspects. Ricardo Eichmann Biography - Facts, Childhood, Family Life & Achievements A caged monster: Haunting shots of Nazi lieutenant Adolf Eichmann Eichmann begged for mercy before hanging - New York Post [107] He departed from Genoa by ship on 17 June 1950 and arrived in Buenos Aires on 14 July. This browser does not support getting your location. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Horst Eichmann (195745810)? The 40-year-old Eichmann also said he believed the execution of his father in Israel in 1962 was justified. Otto Adolf Eichmann lahir pada 19 Maret 1906 di Solingen, Kekaisaran Jerman. [179] The prosecution proved that Eichmann had visited places where exterminations had taken place, including Chemno extermination camp, Auschwitz, and Minsk (where he witnessed a mass shooting of Jews),[180] and therefore was aware that the deportees were being killed. Use Escape keyboard button or the Close button to close the carousel. Birthday: November 1, 1955 ( Scorpio) Born In: Buenos Aires, Argentina 11 4 Archaeologists #8 Intellectuals & Academics #421 Quick Facts German Celebrities Born In November Also Known As: Ricardo Francisco Eichmann Age: 67 Years, 67 Year Old Males Family: father: Adolf Eichmann mother: Veronika Liebl The youngest, Ricardo, rejected him and said his execution was justified. Introduction. [144] They arrived in Israel on 22 May, and Ben-Gurion announced his capture to the Knesset the following afternoon. Near Tel Aviv, Israel, Adolf Eichmann, the Nazi SS officer who organized Adolf Hitler's "final solution of the Jewish question," was executed for his crimes against humanity. Thousands of miles away, in Argentina, the news didn't sit well with three of his four sons. Managed by: Private User Last Updated: [32][33] Eichmann was promoted to SS-Hauptscharfhrer (head squad leader) in 1936 and was commissioned as an SS-Untersturmfhrer (second lieutenant) the following year. Ricardo was a professor of archaeology at the German Archaeological Institute until 2020. Born in Solingen, Germany, in 1906, Adolf Eichmann was the son of a moderately successful Austrian businessman and industrialist. - Medals germany Gestapo Report: Eichmann's sons established Nazi terror cell in Argentina [215] In Israel, the testimony of witnesses at the trial led to a deeper awareness of the impact of the Holocaust on survivors, especially among younger citizens. [137] He was held there for nine days, during which time his identity was double-checked and confirmed. At 8:00p.m. on 31 May, Eichmann was informed that the appeal for presidential clemency had been denied.[208]. Endlsung) toteutuksen organisoijana. Report: Adolf Eichmann's sons established Nazi terror cell in Argentina The three wrestled Eichmann to the ground and, after a struggle, moved him to a car where they hid him on the floor under a blanket. [200] Appeal hearings took place between 22 and 29 March 1962. Otto Adolf Eichmann was a German Nazi SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust. [51] He was immediately assigned to organise the deportation of 70,000 to 80,000 Jews from Ostrava district in Moravia and Katowice district in the recently annexed portion of Poland. . The Life Summary of Otto Adolf. Adolf Eichmann - One of the Main Organizers of the - Famousbio Horst Eichmann - Ancestry.com Drag images here or select from your computer for Horst Adolf Eichmann memorial. On his own initiative, Eichmann also laid plans to deport Jews from Vienna. [164] The defence team consisted of German lawyer Robert Servatius, legal assistant Dieter Wechtenbruch, and Eichmann himself. He interrogated Eichmann. 60 years later, he remembers. - The Forward We have set your language to Otto Adolf Eichmann (fdt 19. marts 1906, dd 1. juni 1962) var en tysk-strigsk SS-officer under 2. verdenskrig og anses for at vre en af arkitekterne bag Holocaust.Eichmann var en hjtstende embedsmand i Nazityskland og tjente som Obersturmbannfhrer i SS svarende til oberstljtnant. ", to which Eichmann replied: "Yes. To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. Otto Adolf Eichmann: Doum tarixi: 19 mart 1906: Doum yeri: . [41] Their report on their visit was published in 1982. [128] Argentina had a history of turning down extradition requests for Nazi criminals, so rather than filing a probably futile request for extradition, Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion made the decision that Eichmann should be captured and brought to Israel for trial. Sorry! Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? Adolf Eichmann, who died June 1962, is pictured in the box during his trial at the Jerusalem Supreme Court in Tel Aviv A forged Israeli passport used to smuggle Adolf Eichmann out of. [44] Funding came from money seized from other Jewish people and organisations, as well as donations from overseas, which were placed under SD control. [67] On 31 July, Gring gave Heydrich written authorisation to prepare and submit a plan for a "total solution of the Jewish question" in all territories under German control and to co-ordinate the participation of all involved government organisations. [188], Throughout his cross-examination, prosecutor Hausner attempted to get Eichmann to admit he was personally guilty, but no such confession was forthcoming. [42], In 1938, Eichmann was posted to Vienna to help organise Jewish emigration from Austria, which had just been integrated into the Reich through the Anschluss. Mossad agent Peter Malkin engaged him, asking him in Spanish if he had a moment. 1936 in Berlin, Horst Adolf Eichmann, 1940 in Vienna, Dieter Helmut Eichmann, 1942 in Prague, and Ricardo Francisco Eichmann, 1955 in Buenos Aires. After the war, he fled to South America but was kidnapped by Mossad agents in 1960 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he was living under an assumed name. [64] Hitler continued to mention the Plan until February 1942, when the idea was permanently shelved. Eichmann was hanged at a prison in Ramla hours later. Resend Activation Email. Adolf Eyxman Vikipediya Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? The suggestion was dismissed, Hagen giving two reasons in his report: a strong Jewish presence in Palestine might lead to their founding an independent state, which would run contrary to Reich policy; it was also against Reich policy to allow the free transferal of "Jewish capital". Eichmann was frightened and attempted to leave, but two more Mossad men came to Malkin's aid. Journalists from many countries converged upon Jerusalem to cover the trial, and international . Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. These events were factors in Eichmann's decision to return to Germany. Adolf Eichmann - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas She had met him at a club, and the two had taken . Search above to list available cemeteries. [194] He was deemed responsible for the dreadful conditions on board the deportation trains and for obtaining Jews to fill those trains. [33][213] He does not agree that his father's "following orders" argument excuses his actions and observes how his father's lack of remorse caused "difficult emotions" for the Eichmann family. [131] Mossad operative Rafi Eitan was named leader of the eight-man team, most of whom were Shin Bet agents. Otto Adolf Eichmann, nemki astnik SS in vojni zloinec, * 19. marec 1906, Solingen, Nemko cesarstvo, 31. maj 1962, Ramla, Izrael.. Nemki nacionalsocialistini stranki se je pridruil e leta 1932 in po vzponu stranke na oblast vstopil v sestavo Schutzstaffel (SS), kjer je sasoma napredoval v Obersturmbannfhrerja (ustreznica podpolkovnika). Genealogy for Veronika / Vera Eichmann (Liebl) (1909 - 1997) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Report: Adolf Eichmann's sons established Nazi terror cell in Argentina to attack Jews Eichmann had four sons; the three eldest, Klaus, Horst and Dieter, remained loyal to him even after his death. [30] On 21 March 1935 Eichmann married Veronika (Vera) Liebl (190993). Remove advertising from a memorial by sponsoring it for just $5. Shalom Nagar sprung the gallows under Adolf Eichmann over 40 years ago. Adolph Eichmann was hanged in Tel-Aviv on May 31, 1962, according to Britannica. Den yngste, Ricardo, afviste ham og siger hans henrettelse var berettiget. [118] Eichmann's father died in 1960, and Wiesenthal made arrangements for private detectives to surreptitiously photograph members of the family; Eichmann's brother Otto was said to bear a strong family resemblance and there were no current photos of Eichmann. Please enter your email and password to sign in. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. It was a stunning development. It was the trial of the century: On December 15, 1961, an Israeli court sentenced Nazi official Adolf Eichmann to death by hanging. Eichmann in JerusalemI | The New Yorker [12] His poor school performance resulted in his father's withdrawing him from the Realschule and enrolling him in the Hhere Bundeslehranstalt fr Elektrotechnik, Maschinenbau und Hochbau vocational college. [60][61] Horrendous conditions in the ghettos severe overcrowding, poor sanitation, and a lack of food resulted in a high death rate. Adolf Eichmann | Role in the Holocaust, Trial, & Death Some authors maintain that his father's name was Karl Adolf, for example, In September 1939, this department was renamed Section IV B4 of the. Otto Adolf Eichmann ( 19. maaliskuuta 1906 Solingen, Saksa - 31. toukokuuta 1962 Ramla, Israel) oli SS -everstiluutnantti, Obersturmbannfhrer natsi-Saksassa. About the Eichmann Trial - Yad Vashem It was the Fuehrer's order: Jews who were fit to work would work and those who weren't would be sent to the Final Solution. [125] German geologist Gerhard Klammer, who had worked with Eichmann in the early 1950s, provided Bauer with Eichmann's address and photograph. Truth behind new Netflix blockbuster of Adolf Eichmann's capture Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. [10], Eichmann attended the Kaiser Franz Joseph Staatsoberrealschule (state secondary school) in Linz, the same high school Adolf Hitler had attended 17 years before. Megan Summers. [35], Nazi Germany used violence and economic pressure to encourage Jews to leave Germany of their own volition;[36] around 250,000 of the country's 437,000 Jews emigrated between 1933 and 1939. Thanks for your help! [66] Eichmann was one of the officials who received regular detailed reports of their activities. These are the three countries with which I have been most connected and which I will not forget. Adolf Eichmann - Wikipedia "Eichmann" redirects here. Veronika / Vera Eichmann (Liebl) (1909 - 1997) - Genealogy [57][58] While Eichmann claimed at his trial to be upset by the appalling conditions on the trains and in the transit camps, his correspondence and documents of the period show that his primary concern was to achieve the deportations economically and with minimal disruption to Germany's ongoing military operations. Horst Eichmann. A room with huge dimensions was Eichmann's office.. About Us; Staff; Camps; Scuba. He ended up in a small village in Lower Saxony, where he lived until 1950, when he moved to Argentina using false papers he obtained with help from an organisation directed by Catholic bishop Alois Hudal. Please reset your password. Moreover, when Bauer called on the German government to get Eichmann extradited from Argentina, they immediately responded negatively. advertisement. The trial, the first one in history to be videotaped, aroused interest world-wide, bringing Nazi atrocities to the . There was a problem getting your location. What the film 'Operation Finale' gets wrong - Durango Herald There is a problem with your email/password. Eichmann Son, in Argentina, Says He is Active in Nazis To this day the scene plays itself over and over in minute detail. In May 2007, a student doing research on Eichmann's capture discovered the passport in court archives in Argentina. Visitors included Hermann Goering, Heinrich Himmler, Kaltenbrunner, and Baron Leopold von Mildenstein. The operation soon was called off, partly because Hitler decided the required trains were better used for military purposes for the time being. [69], Eichmann stated at his later interrogations that Heydrich told him in mid-September that Hitler had ordered that all Jews in German-controlled Europe were to be killed. [214], The trial received widespread coverage by the press in West Germany, and many schools added material studying the issues to their curricula. Work with the Nazi Party and the SS. [76] In his covering letter, Heydrich specified that Eichmann would act as his liaison with the departments involved. Who Are Adolf Eichmann's Children? - Grunge.com [116] The Sassen tapes form the basis of the documentary series The Devil's Confession: The Lost Eichmann Tapes screened on Israeli television in 2022. [25], By 1934, Eichmann requested transfer to the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) of the SS, to escape the "monotony" of military training and service at Dachau. ). Adolf Eichmann or Otto Adolf Eichmann was a SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer or a lieutenant colonel in the German Army who played an important role in organizing the Holocaust in which almost six million Jews from different countries were exterminated. [151], The assertion that the CIA knew Eichmann's location and withheld that information from the Israelis has been challenged as "ahistorical". [209] His last words were reported to be: Long live Germany. Scuba Certification; Private Scuba Lessons; Scuba Refresher for Certified Divers; Try Scuba Diving; Enriched Air Diver (Nitrox) [c] The trial was widely followed in the media and was later the subject of several books, including Hannah Arendt's Eichmann in Jerusalem, in which Arendt coined the phrase "the banality of evil" to describe Eichmann. [158] His pardon plea, released in 2016, did not contradict this: "There is a need to draw a line between the leaders responsible and the people like me forced to serve as mere instruments in the hands of the leaders", Eichmann wrote. Blind refugee led Israel to Eichmann | World news | The Guardian For years, the details of arch-Nazi Eichmann's hanging by the State of Israel was shrouded in secrecy -- from his being given his last glass of wine, to the noose being placed around his . [15], A few months after the Nazi seizure of power in Germany in January 1933, Eichmann lost his job due to staffing cutbacks at Vacuum Oil. [91][93] Under international pressure, the Hungarian government halted deportations on 6 July 1944, by which time over 437,000 of Hungary's 725,000 Jews had died. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Horst Adolf Eichmann I found on Findagrave.com. [18], On the advice of family friend and local SS leader Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Eichmann joined the Austrian branch of the Nazi Party on 1 April 1932, member number 889,895. "[115], The memoirs were used as the basis for a series of articles that appeared in Life and Stern magazines in late 1960. Your Scrapbook is currently empty. Information collected by Mossad, Israel's intelligence agency, confirmed his location in 1960. Eichmann's significant role as one of the architects of the "Final Solution" of Europe's Jews, began to emerge in the late forties. [171] The building was modified to allow journalists to watch the trial on closed-circuit television, and 750 seats were available in the auditorium itself. P grund af hans talent for organisation, plidelighed og arbejdsiver, fik han af . I am ready. [197] On 15 December 1961, Eichmann was sentenced to death by hanging. In brief - Karl Adolf Eichmann (1906-1962) headed Gestapo Department IV B 4 for Jewish Affairs, serving as a self proclaimed 'Jewish specialist' and was the man responsible for keeping the trains rolling from all over Europe to death camps during the Final Solution. Adolf Eichmann was a prominent Nazi and one of the chief organizers of the . Otto Adolf Eichmann ( pronunciado [to adlf aman]; Solingen, 19 de Maro de 1906 - Ramla, 1 de Junho de 1962) foi um SS - Obersturmbannfhrer ( tenente-coronel) da Alemanha Nazista, e um dos principais organizadores do Holocausto. Adolf Eichmann - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea. Adolf Eichmann pada 1942 Kelahiran Otto Adolf Eichmann (1906-03-19)19 Mac 1906 Solingen, Provinsi Rhine, Prusia, Empayar Jerman Meninggal dunia 1 Jun 1962(1962-06-01)(umur 56) Ramla, Israel Sebab kematian Hukuman gantung Warganegara Jerman Nama lain Ricardo Klement [108], Eichmann initially lived in Tucumn Province, where he worked for a government contractor. Adolf Eichmann - New World Encyclopedia Early life [ edit] Adolf Eichmann was the main architect of the Final Solution, the Nazi plan to exterminate Jews that led to more than six million deaths. Failed to delete memorial. Adolf Eichmann - Biography. ICD - Eichmann - Asser Institute [8][9][d] The elder Adolf moved to Linz, Austria, in 1913 to take a position as commercial manager for the Linz Tramway and Electrical Company, and the rest of the family followed a year later.